Reproduced with kind permission of SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology, from
VOLUME 25 MARCH, 1951 NUMBER 2
JOSEPH A. CUSHMAN AND R. M. STAINFORTH
Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research and International Petroleum Company, Talara, Peru
Abstract—Type localities are designated for 59 zonal units recognizable in the Tertiaries of western Ecuador. The Foraminifera from the 12 Eocene units are described.
Micropaleontological studies in coastal Ecuador by International Ecuadorean Petroleum Company were recently summarized (Stainforth, 1948). Preliminary studies of the faunas were made by D. L. Frizzell and F. Putlitz under the direction of H. E. Thalmann, and later detailed zonal analyses were made by A. Martinez, R. M. Stainforth, F. V. Stevenson and B. Stone. The present paper is concerned with the systematic details of Tertiary foraminiferal assemblages encountered in these studies. The faunal descriptions are based on analyses of washed residues from the chosen type localities of 59 zonal units. The stratigraphic relationships of these units are shown on the chart (fig. 1) and their geographic positions on the maps (figs. 2, 3, 4). Further details follow. The zero point of the geographic coordinates is the Plaza del Centenario monument in Guayaquil.
Age.—Lower middle
Eocene.
Formation.—San
Eduardo.
Facies.—Reefal.
Area.—North.
Locality.—The type
locality of “Amphistegina elliotti
Cushman and Stainforth” =Helicostegina, namely Estero Pollo, a small tributary on the left side of Rio Verde
some 22.5 km. in a straight line from the river mouth. The outcrop is a massive
algal-orbitoid limestone, but washable material occurs in shaly pockets. This
is the only locality where loose specimens of smaller Foraminifera have been
collected from this formation.
Coordinates.—N. 338 km., E. 47.5 km.
Fig. 1
Fig 2—Geographic positions of type locations of zonal units in northwest Ecuador.
Fig. 3—Geographic positions of type localities of zonal units west central Ecuador.
Fig. 4—Geographic positions of type localities of zonal units southwest Ecuador.
Age.—Upper
Cretaceous.
Formation.—Not named.
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— Central.
Locality.—A quarry in
white tuffaceous shale (below the San Mateo formation) on the hillside north of
the Manta-Portoviejo road between the 22 km. and 23 km. posts, 14 km. due west
of Portoviejo. Most samples are barren, but a few have yielded a distinctive
foraminiferal fauna. (The Globorotalia-rich fauna known only at this place was
formerly considered to be lower Eocene, but new evidence indicates that it is
Upper Cretaceous and, therefore, it is not listed in this paper.)
Coordinates.—N. 125 km., W. 76 km.
Age.—Upper middle
Eocene.
Formation.—Socorro.
Facies.—Sublittoral.
Area.— South.
Locality.—Shale
interbeds in sandstones between Ancon and Punta Mambra.
Coordinates.—S. 15.8 km., W. 107.6 km.
Age.—Upper middle
Eocene.
Formation.—Clay
pebble beds.
Facies.—Reefal.
Area.— South.
Locality.—Sea cliffs
at Ancon.
Coordinates.—S. 15.5 km., W. 108.3 km.
Age.—Upper Eocene.
Formation.—Jusá.
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— South.
Locality.—Between the
two main tributaries of Rio Jusá, 14 km. to 15 km. E.S.E. of Colonche. In
certain wells this unit overlies sandstones containing molluscs similar to
those occurring at Zapotal and Posorja.
Coordinates.—N. 13.5 km., W. 75 km.
Age.—Upper Eocene.
Formation.—Seca.
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— South.
Locality.—Just east
of the type localities of units 9 and 11, in the sea cliffs at Punta Mambra.
Coordinates.—S. 22 km., W. 98.5 km.
Age.—Upper Eocene.
Formation.—San Mateo.
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— Central.
Locality.—Subsurface cores from a well near Manta, overlying tuffaceous shales of unit 12. There are no surface outcrops of this unit, which is covered by the Pleistocene Tablazo formation.
Age.—Upper Eocene.
Formation.—Zapallo.
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— North.
Locality.—On Rio
Zapallo Grande, a major tributary which joins Rio Cayapas just south of
Telembi, eastward from the unconformable Eocene-Oligocene contact at a point 9
km. E.S.E. of Telembi.
Coordinates.—N. 328 km., E. 117 km.
Age.—Upper Eocene.
Formation.—Subsurface
shales in Zapotal group.
Facies.—Sublittoral.
Area.— South.
Locality.—No satisfactory surface samples are available. Fauna is from cores from wells drilled east of the Cerros de Estancia. This unit consistently overlies subsurface sandstones containing molluscs similar to those in the surface sandstones at Zapotal and Posorja.
Age.—Upper Eocene.
Formation.—Seca.
Facies.—Reefal.
Area.— South.
Locality.—Sea cliffs
west of Punta Mambra on the south coast. Most of the shales here represent a
radiolarian fades (unit 11), but some layers are orbitoidal.
Coordinates.—S. 20.9 km., W. 101 km. to 102 km.
Age.—Upper Eocene.
Formation.—“Data
beds.” Facies.—Brackish.
Area.— South.
Locality.—This unit is exposed around Data at the southwest tip of the Guayaquil Estuary, but for study purposes correlated core samples have been used.
Age.—Upper Eocene.
Formation.—Seca.
Facies.—Radiolarian.
Area.— South.
Locality.—Shale
exposures in the sea cliffs west of Punta Mambra on the south coast, where some
layers are orbitoidal (unit 9). Shales interbedded with and overlying the Ancon
Point sandstones are lithologically and faunally identical.
Coordinates.—S. 20.9 km., W. 101 km. to 102 km.
Age.—Upper Eocene.
Formation.—San Mateo.
Facies.—Radiolarian.
Area.— Central.
Locality.—On trails
across the Cerro de Hoja, one running northward through locality 2, the other 2
km. farther west, leaving the Manta-Portoviejo road at Las Palmas, running east
of north for 1 km., then swinging east to join the other. Various outcrops of
light colored tuffaceous shale overlying white tuffs as at locality 2.
Coordinates.—N. 125.5 km., W. 76.5 km.
Age.—Upper Eocene.
Formation.—Zapallo.
Facies.—Radiolarian.
Area.— North.
Locality.—Rio Verde
area, on Estero Pollo (see unit 1) and the nearby Estero Pedernales; tuffaceous
shales overlying San Eduardo limestone.
Coordinates.—N. 338 km., E. 47.5 km.
Age.—Basal Oligocene.
Formation.—Playa Rica
shale.
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— North.
Locality.—On Estero
Iguanero, a tributary of Rio Zapallo Grande, down dip from the junction with
Estero Martin and up dip along the latter for 500 meters from the fork.
Coordinates.—N. 331 km., E. 113 km.
Age.—Lower Oligocene.
Formation.—Playa Rica
shale.
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— North.
Locality.—Up dip for
500 meters from locality 14 on Esteros Iguanero and Martin. Identical material
can be collected on any of the streams and rivers from Playa Rica to Telembi.
Typically it is interbedded with orbitoidal gritty sands (unit 18).
Coordinates.—N. 332 km., E. 113 km.
Age.—Top lower to
lower middle Oligocene.
Formation.—Playa Rica
shale.
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— North.
Locality.—On Rio Pambil, a tributary to the Onzole above Santo Domingo, upstream from the base of the Angostura sands to a point 4 km. to the south. Lithologically similar to unit 15, but above the highest interbeds of orbitoidal sand.
Age.—Lower Oligocene.
Formation.—San Mateo.
Facies.—Reefal.
Area.— Central.
Locality.—Punta Mal
Paso on the coast, 4.5 km. west of Manta.
Coordinates.—N. 137.5 km., W. 97.5 km.
Age.—Lower Oligocene.
Formation.—Playa Rica
sands.
Facies.—Reefal.
Area.— North.
Locality.—Scattered
outcrops of orbitoidal grit, interbedded with the shales of units 14 and 15, on
Rios Cayapas and Zapallo Grande within 5 km. southward from Telembi.
Coordinates.—N. 330 km., E. 108 km.
Age.—Lower Oligocene.
Formation.—Subsurface
lignitic shales at top of Zapotal group.
Facies.—Brackish.
Area.— South.
Locality.—No satisfactory surface exposures are known, but in wells drilled east of the Cerros de Estancia this unit occurs consistently above shallow water marine beds of unit 8.
Age.—Mid-middle
Oligocene.
Formation.—Chumundé.
Facies.—Radiolarian.
Area.— North.
Locality.—On Rio
Ostiones, up the main stream from 1 km. below its confluence with Rio Pepé. The
entire section, except for the overlying Angostura and Viche sediments, is
exposed along the right-hand branch of the highest fork.
Coordinates.—N. 345 km., E. 65 km.
Age.—Late middle to
early upper Oligocene.
Formation.—Dos Bocas.
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— South.
Locality.—The type section of the Oligo-Miocene Dos Bocas group or formation extends southwest from Zacachun through the nearest point of the railway for some 12 km. Limits of the zonal units considered here are:
Unit 44: from 0.4 km. to 1.0 km. from Zacachun.
Unit 43: from 1.0 km. to 3.0 km. from Zacachun.
Unit 41: between 3.0 km. from Zacachun and 0.5 km. northeast of the railway.
Unit 22: half a kilometer on either side of the railway.
Unit 21: from 9 km. to 12 km. southwest of Zacachun between the railway and the old rocks on the flank of the Cerros de Estancia.
For study purposes the surface material, mostly badly weathered, has been supplemented by core samples from shallow holes along the type section.
Age.—Upper Oligocene.
Formation.—Dos Bocas.
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— South.
Locality.—See under unit 21.
Age.—Top middle
Oligocene.
Formation.—Tosagua.
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— Central.
Locality.—Scattered
surface within 5 km. of Rocafuerte.
Coordinates.—N. 140 km., W. 63 km.
Age.—Upper Oligocene.
Formation.—Tosagua.
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— Central.
Locality.—Road cuts
on the Manta-Portoviejo road between 6 km. and 10.5 km. west of Portoviejo
(road distance).
Coordinates.—N. 123 km., W. 72 km.
Age.—Upper Oligocene.
Formation.—Tosagua.
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— Central.
Locality.—In the sea
cliffs of Jarmijó Bay, some 10 km. east of Manta. This is almost certainly the
same locality referred to by Galloway and Morrey in their well known paper on
the “Manta” fauna.
Coordinates.—N. 139 km., W. 83 km.
Age.—Upper Oligocene.
Formation.—Tosagua.
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— Central.
Locality.—Along the
Tosagua-Rocafuerte road for 10 km. west of Tosagua, and in a 5-km. strip
parallel and south of this road.
Coordinates.—N. 150 km., W. 45 km.
Age.—Upper middle
Oligocene.
Formation.—Viche.
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— North.
Locality.—Parallel
sections on Rio Verde from 7.5 km. to 9 km. in a straight line from the coast, and on Rio Maté from
7 km. to 11.5 km. from the coast.
Coordinates.—N. 352 km., E. 53 km.
Age.—Top middle to
basal upper Oligocene.
Formation.—Viche.
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— North.
Locality.—Shale
outcrops 2 km. to 3 km. below the hamlet or Timbre, on the main outcrops Rio
Esmeraldas.
Coordinates.—N. 337 km., E. 31 km.
Age.—Upper Oligocene.
Formation.—Viche.
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— North.
Locality.—On Rio
Viche, from its junction with the Esmeraldas 10 km. upstream (straight line
measure).
Coordinates.—N. 309 km., E. 35 km.
Age.—Upper Oligocene.
Formation.—Viche.
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— North.
Locality.—Beds
conformably overlying unit 27, along parallel sections on Rio Verde and Rio
Maté upstream from their mouths for 6 km. in a straight line from the coast.
Coordinates.—N. 358 km., E. 57 km.
Age.—Upper middle to
early upper Oligocene.
Formation.—Angostura.
Facies.—Sublittoral.
Area.— North.
Locality.—Above Cupa
limestone on Estero Piedra Blanca, a tributary of the Hoja Blanca, and on Rio
Pambil 5 km. due north. This area is some 28 km. southwest of Telembi.
Coordinates.—N. 312 km., E. 81 km.
Age.—Upper Oligocene.
Formation.—Angostura.
Facies.—Sublittoral.
Area.— North.
Locality.—On Rio
Pambil, unconformable on unit 16, from 2.0 km. to 3.5 km. south of its junction
with the Onzole.
Coordinates.—N. 325 km., E. 90 km.
Age.—Top Oligocene.
Formation.—Angostura.
Facies.—Sublittoral.
Area.— North.
Locality.—Scattered
outcrops of foraminiferal silt within the basal Angostura sands along Estero
Bureo and between this stream and Telembi, 1.5 km. to the east.
Coordinates.—N. 332 km., E. 105 km.
Age.—Late middle to
early upper Oligocene.
Formation.—San Pedro
sand.
Facies.—Reefal.
Area.— South.
Locality.—A prominent
bluff overlooking the village of San Pedro near Valdivia, on the coast. For
washed residue studies the best samples may be collected from the top at the
north end.
Coordinates.—N. 27 km., W. 93 km.
Age.—Late middle to
early upper Oligocene.
Formation.—Cupa
limestone.
Facies.—Reefal.
Area.— North.
Locality.—On a trail
leading south from Rio Pambil, leaving the river 1.5 km. west of a prominent
right angle bend which is 2.5 km. south of the type locality of unit 16. The
outcrop is 2.5 km. south of Rio Pambil, 12.0 km., S. 7° W. from the
Onzole-Pambil confluence. The samples are good for study purposes, but
stratigraphic control is poor because of landslip conditions. Stratigraphic
relations are clearer on Estero Piedra Blanca, 9 km. to the west and just south
of locality 31, but the rock there can be studied only in thin section.
Coordinates.—N. 315 km., E. 87.5 km.
Age.—Upper Oligocene.
Formation.—Tosagua.
Facies.—Radiolarian.
Area.— Central.
Locality.—On Rio
Barlomi Grande, upstream and north from the fork near Rosa Blanca, 20 km.
northeast from Bahia.
Coordinates.—N. 188 km., W. 45 km.
Age.—Upper Oligocene.
Formation.—Viche.
Facies.—Radiolarian.
Area.— North.
Locality.—Near the
head of Rio Viche, from 25 km. to 31 km. southwest of its junction with Rio
Esmeraldas.
Coordinates.—N. 295 km., E. 18 km.
Age.—Top Oligocene.
Formation.—Tosagua.
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— Central.
Locality.—A strip of
country 2 km. to 3 km. wide, extending north-south and lying just east of a
line from San Antonio to Cienega Grande, a little east of Tosagua.
Coordinates.—N. 160 km., W. 30 km.
Age.—Top Oligocene.
Formation.—Viche.
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— North.
Locality.—On the upper Rio Verde, midway between the Verde-Merive and Verde-Papa confluences. (A little to the west, outcrops less accessible, but better known stratigraphically, occur at the heads of several steep tributaries of the Rio Majua.)
Coordinates.—N. 322 km., E. 54 km.
Age.—Top Oligocene.
Formation.—Viche.
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— North.
Locality.—On Rio
Verde, a little to the north of the outcrops of unit 39. The outcrop area is
enclosed in a broad southwest bend of the river, 4.5 km. south-southwest of the
Verde-Merive confluence.
Coordinates.—N. 322.5 km., E. 53 km.
Age.—Top Oligocene.
Formation.—Dos Bocas.
Facies.—Sublittoral.
Area.— South.
Locality.—See under unit 21.
Age.—Top Oligocene.
Formation.—San
Agustin.
Facies.—Sublittoral.
Area.— Central.
Locality.—Foraminiferal
shales interbedded with sandstones exposed in the area of Hacienda San Agustin,
Hacienda San Ignacio and Miramar, some 20 km. to 30 km. north of Tosagua.
Coordinates.—N. 180 km., W. 40 km.
Age.—Lower Miocene.
Formation.—Dos Bocas.
Facies.—Sublittoral.
Area.— South.
Locality.—See under unit 21.
Age.—Lower Miocene.
Formation.—Dos Bocas.
Facies.—Sublittoral.
Area.— South.
Locality.—See under unit 21.
Age.—Lower Miocene.
Formation.—Intermediate
between San Agustin and Charapotó.
Facies.—Sublittoral.
Area.— Central.
Locality.—Southeast
of Tosagua, along the Calceta-Junin-Rocafuerte road for 20 km. (road distance)
south and west of Calceta, and in the 5-km. strip bordering the road to the
north and west. This unit overlies unit 26.
Coordinates.—N. 140 km., W. 40 km.
Age.—Lower Miocene.
Formation.—Charapotó.
Facies.—Sublittoral.
Area.— Central.
Locality.—Scattered
outcrops within 6 km. of Charapotó.
Coordinates.—N. 150 km., W. 65 km.
Age.—Lower to early
middle Miocene.
Formation.—Charapotó-Onzole.
Facies.—Sublittoral.
Area.—Central-north.
Locality.—Seven to 8
km. northeast of Daule on the west coast, outcrops along Rio Agua Clara, a
tributary of the Daule, northwest to the Estero Complacidero junction and southward
along the latter stream.
Coordinates.—N. 289 km., W. 11 km.
Age.—Lower Miocene.
Formation.—Angostura.
Facies.—Sublittoral.
Area.— North.
Locality.—Outcrops
extending along the strike, slightly offset by cross faults, immediately above
the massive Angostura sands as exposed on Rio Onzole, Rio Camarones, and lesser
streams just south of a line through Santo Domingo on the Onzole and 75 and 77
km. posts, 2 km. to 3 km. south of Telembi on the Cayapas.
Coordinates.—N. 328 km., E. 95 km.
Age.—Lower Miocene.
Formation.—Onzole.
Facies.—Sublittoral.
Area.— North.
Locality.—On Rio
Onzole from 0.5 km. south to 3.0 km. north of Santo Domingo, and along the
strike of these outcrops for some 15 km. westward.
Coordinates.—N. 332 km., E. 90 km.
Age.—Late lower to
early middle Miocene.
Formation.—Onzole.
Facies.—Sublittoral.
Area.— North.
Locality.—Conformably
overlying unit 49 in an east-west trending belt. Exposures sampled on Rio
Cayapas below Camarones. Rio Onzole from 3.5 km. to 5.0 km. north of Santo Domingo, the headwaters of
Estero Tangaré, and lesser streams.
Coordinates.—N. 335 km., E. 92 km.
Age.—Lower Miocene.
Formation.—Charapotó.
Facies.—Radiolarian.
Area.— Central.
Locality.—Cuts on the
Manta-Portoviejo road between 11 km. and 15 km. (road distance) west of Portoviejo.
Coordinates.—N. 124 km., W. 75 km.
Age.—Lower Miocene.
Formation.—Onzole.
Facies.—Radiolarian.
Area.— North.
Locality.—Near the
northern tip of Punta Galera, along the coast for 8 km. on either side of the
hamlet of Galera.
Coordinates.—N. 333 km., W. 17 km.
Age.—Middle Miocene.
Formation.—Bajada
(after Sheppard).
Facies.—Brackish.
Area.— South.
Locality.—Along and
near the Guayaquil-Playas road, south of Progreso between the 75 and 77 km.
posts, 2 km. to 3 km. south of the railway intersection.
Coordinates.—S. 28 km., W. 55 km.
Age.—Late lower and
early middle Miocene.
Formation.—Onzole.
Facies.—Brackish.
Area.— North.
Locality.—Lenticular
interbeds along the strike west of the type outcrops of unit 50, which swing to
the north at the head of Estero Tangaré. Exposures are known in Rio Culebra and
due north, around the heads of Rio, Lagarto and Lagartillo. The general area is
25 km. to 30 km. northwest of
Santo Domingo on the Onzole and 10 km. south-southeast of Punta Ostiones.
Coordinates.—N. 335 km., E. 75 km.
Age.—Upper middle to
upper Miocene.
Formation.—Borbon.
Facies.—Brackish to
sublittoral.
Area.— North.
Locality.—Scattered
foraminiferal outcrops in the generally barren silts exposed in the angle
between the Cayapas above Borbon, the Onzole up to Anchayacu, and Estero
Anchayacu.
Coordinates.—N. 357 km., E. 90 km.
Age.—Upper middle
Miocene.
Formation.—Borbon.
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— North.
Locality.—On Rio
Tonsupa from 1 km. above its mouth to 3.5 km. farther east.
Coordinates.—N. 340 km., E. 11 km.
Age.—Late middle to early upper Miocene.
Formation.—Borbon.
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.—Central and north.
Locality.—On Rio Camarones, 8 km. east of the Esmeraldas, for 4 km. above its mouth. Similar strata are exposed intermittently in the sea cliffs south and north of Bahia.
Coordinates.—N. 350 km., E. 36 km.
Age.—Upper Miocene.
Formation.— Borbon (“Punta Gorda”).
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— North.
Locality.—On the
north coast, from the mouth of Rio Esmeraldas westward to Rio Culiva and for 2
km. up that stream.
Coordinates.—N. 349 km., E. 18 km.
Age.—Topmost Miocene.
Formation.—Borbon
(“Punta Gorda”).
Facies.—Neritic.
Area.— North.
Locality.—On the
north coast, west of the outcrops of unit 58, between Rio Chevele and Estero
Ciénago (Campo Allegre) and also inland along Rios Culiva and Chevele.
Coordinates.—N. 345 km., E. 13 km.
Family Astrorhizidae
Genus Rhabdammina Sars, 1869
Rhabdammina eocenica Cushman & Hanna
Plate 25, figure 1
Rhabdammina eocenica Cushman & Hanna, 1927, California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, vol. 16, p. 209, pl. 13, fig. 1.
The types of this species are from the Eocene, 7 miles north of Coalinga, California. A number of specimens in the Ecuador Eocene are very similar. They are from localities 3, 6 and 9.
Plate 25, figures 2, 3
Rhabdammina samanica Berry, 1928, Eclogae geol. Helvetiae, vol. 21, p. 392, text-fig. 21.
Only an outline figure is given of the type, which is from the Eocene Lobitos shales of Peru. A number of specimens, much smaller than the preceding species, but similar to the type of this one, occur at localities 3, 7 and 9. These may belong to the preceding species or be a variety of it, but more nearly complete specimens are needed to determine their relationship.
Family Rhizamminidae
Genus Bathysiphon Sars, 1872
Bathysiphon eocenica Cushman & Hanna
Plate 25, figure 4
Bathysiphon eocenica Cushman & Hanna, 1927, California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, vol. 16, p. 210, pl. 13, figs. 2, 3; Cushman & McMasters, 1936, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 10, p. 508, pl. 74, fig. 1; Cushman & Siegfus, 1942, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. Trans., vol. 9, p. 400, pl. 15, fig. 1; Cushman & Simonson, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, p. 193, pl. 30, fig. 1; Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 2, pl. 1, fig. 1.
This species has been recorded mostly from the Eocene of California and it has recently been reported from the Eocene Chira shale of Peru. The Ecuador specimens show a considerable range in size, some reaching 1.75 mm. in diameter. They occur at localities 6, 7 and 9.
Family Saccamminidae
Genus Psammosphaera Schulze, 1875
Psammosphaera eocenica Cushman & Stainforth, n. sp.
Plate 25, figures 6, 7
Test subspherical, single chambered; wall thick, of rather coarse sand grains with considerable cement, strongly united, surface fairly smooth; no aperture visible. Diameter, 0.40-0.60 mm.
Holotype (Cushman Collection No. 64065) from the upper Eocene Seca shale exposures in sea cliffs west of Punta Mambra, Ecuador (locality 11). It also occurs at locality 12.
It differs from P. fusca Schulze in the much thicker wall and smoother exterior.
Genus Technitella Norman, 1878
Technitella archaeonitida Stainforth & Stevenson
Plate 25, figure 5
Technitella archaeonitida Stainforth & Stevenson, 1946, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 20, p. 561, pl. 86, figs. 1-3.
This species was described from the lower Oligocene Playa Rica formation of Ecuador. Specimens also occur in considerable numbers at localities 3, 9 and 12.
Family Ammodiscidae
Genus Ammodiscus Reuss, 1861
Ammodiscus cf. incertus (d’Orbigny)
Plate 25, figures 12, 13
Numerous incomplete specimens seem similar to those from the Eocene Chira shale of Peru (Cushman and Stone, 1947, p. 2, pl. 1, fig. 2). Their large coils resemble the figure of A. coombsi Beck (1943, p. 591, pl. 98, fig. 1) from the Eocene of Cowlitz River, Lewis County, Washington, but our specimens have more coils and no types of that species are available for comparison. Our specimens are not similar in size nor do they correspond to descriptions given by W. Berry for forms from the Eocene of Peru. Specimens are common at locality 6 and rare at localities 7 and 9.
Family Lituolidae
Genus Haplophragmoides Cushman, 1910
Haplophragmoides carinatum Cushman & Renz
Plate 25, figure 8
Haplophragmoides carinatum Cushman & Renz, 1941, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 17, p. 2, pl. 1, fig. 1; Cushman & Stainforth, 1945, idem, Spec. Pub. 14, p. 15, pl. 1, fig. 18; Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. America Mem. 32, p. 141, pl. 1, fig. 4.
Rather rare specimens from localities 3, 7, 8 and 9 seem very close to this species, known from the Agua Salada formation of Venezuela and the Cipero formation of Trinidad.
Haplophragmoides cf. Hetha Berry
Plate 25, figure 9
Haplophragmoides hetha Berry, 1932, Eclogae geol. Helvetiae, vol. 25, p. 26, pl. 3, figs. 10-12.
Rare specimens from locality 9 seem to be related to this species, described from the upper Oligocene Heath formation of Peru.
Plate 25, figures 10, 11
A few specimens from locality 6 have a rather deep umbilical area on both sides but are not well enough preserved to justify a specific identification.
Genus Cyclammina Brady, 1876
Plate 25, figures 14-16
Cyclammina pacifica Beck, 1943, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 591, pl. 98, figs. 2, 3.
Test comparatively large, strongly compressed, periphery slightly rounded, umbilical region not depressed; chambers numerous, 13 to 19 in the adult coil, increasing very gradually and evenly in size as added, not inflated; sutures not depressed, gently curved, fairly thick; wall thin, smooth, showing the internal structure slightly, especially when moistened; aperture a narrow, curved opening at base of apertural face of last formed chamber with supplementary, rounded openings in apertural face. Diameter up to 1.30 mm.; thickness, 0.50 mm.
Specimens resembling Cyclammina pacifica Beck, but differing in the larger number of chambers and the curved and not depressed sutures, occur commonly at locality 6, and less commonly at localities 3 and 7.
Family Textulariidae
Genus Spiroplectammina Cushman, 1927
Spiroplectammina nuttalli Lalicker
Plate 25, figures 19, 20
Spiroplectammina nuttalli Lalicker, 1935, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 43, pl. 6, figs. 3, 4.
Textularia aff. pala Nuttall (not Czjzek), 1935, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 9, p. 123, pl. 14, fig. 4.
Specimens have been compared with the types of this species, described from the Eocene of Venezuela, and seem identical. The species is very common at locality 6.
Spiroplectammina eocenica (Cushman & Barksdale)
Plate 25, figures 17, 18
Spiroplectoides eocenica Cushman & Barksdale, 1930, Stanford Univ. Contr. Dept. Geol., vol. 1, p. 66, pl. 12, fig. 5; Cushman, 1934, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 10, p. 43, pl. 6, fig. 28.
An examination of the test of this species seems to show that it is finely arenaceous and probably should be placed in the genus Spiroplectammina. Specimens from locality 3 are abundant and, when compared with the types from the Eocene of California, seem to be the same.
Plate 25, figure 21
A single specimen from locality 9 appears to have an arenaceous test and therefore to belong in this genus. It does not seem to belong to any described species.
Genus Ammospirata Cushman, 1933
Ammospirata mexicana (Cushman)
Plate 25, figure 23
Pavonina mexicana Cushman, 1926, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 67, art. 25, p. 22, pl. 6, figs. 7-9.
Ammospirata mexicana Cushman, 1933, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 9, p. 32, pl. 3, fig. 4; —, 1933, idem, Spec. Pub. 5, pl. 7, fig. 16; Palmer & Bermudez, 1936, Soc. cubana hist. nat. Mem., vol. 10, p. 240, pl. 13, figs. 7, 8; Bermudez, 1937, idem, vol. 11, p. 338; Cushman, 1940, Foraminifera, 3d. ed., pl. 11, fig. 3, key, pl. 7, fig. 16; Renz, 1942, 8th American Sci. Cong. Proc., p. 548 (list); Cushman, 1945, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 21, p. 49.
Several specimens from locality 8 have been compared with the types of this species and seem identical. The species has been recorded from the Oligocene and Eocene of the West Indian region and Mexico.
Genus Vulvulina d’Orbigny, 1826
Vulvulina chirana Cushman & Stone
Plate 25, figure 22
Vulvulina chirana Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 4, pl. 1, fig. 10.
Specimens from localities 6 and 7 seem to be identical with this species, recently described from the Eocene Chira shale of Peru.
Family Valvulinidae
Genus Plectina Marsson, 1878
Plectina nuttalli Cushman & Stainforth, n. sp.
Plate 25, figures 26, 27
Plectina dalmatina Nuttall (not Liebus), 1935, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 9, p. 123, pl. 14, fig. 8; Kelley, 1943, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 27, p. 11 (list).
Test about twice as long as broad, early portion with as many as five chambers to a whorl, later biserial but with the axis somewhat twisted, periphery rounded; chambers of the early portion obscure, later ones inflated, consisting usually of three pairs of rather uniform size in the adult; sutures of the early portion rather indistinct, in the adult distinct, strongly depressed; wall distinctly arenaceous, but rather smoothly finished; aperture in the adult rounded, in a slight depression of the apertural face and with a slightly thickened lip. Length, 1.00-1.20 mm.; breadth, 0.50-0.60 mm.
Holotype (Cushman Collection No. 63757) from the Eocene San Mateo formation, subsurface core material from a well near Manta, Ecuador (locality 6). It also occurs rarely at localities 7 and 12. The species is abundant at the type locality and is apparently the same as the form figured by Nuttall from the Eocene of Venezuela. It differs from P. dalmatina (Schubert) in the larger number of biserial chambers, longer test, and larger early portion.
Genus Karreriella Cushman, 1933
Karreriella? cf. contorta Beck
Plate 25, figures 24, 25
Karreriella contorta Beck, 1943, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 592, pl. 98, figs. 4, 5; Cushman, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 8A, p. 41, pl. 7, fig. 19.
A number of specimens from locality 6 have been compared with an autotype of this species, described from the Eocene of Cowlitz River, Lewis County, Washington, and are very similar in most characters. Our specimens reach only about half the size and do not have the terminal aperture, but a large opening running up into the apertural face. They may not be adult specimens.
Family Miliolidae
Genus Quinqueloculina d’Orbigny, 1826
Quinqueloculina cf. seminula (Linné)
Plate 25, figure 28
A few specimens from locality 6 seem very close to this widely recorded species.
Quinqueloculina cf. lamarckiana d’Orbigny
Plate 25, figures 29-31
Quinqueloculina lamarckiana D’Orbigny, 1839, in De la Sagra, Hist. Physiq. Pol. Nat. Cuba, “Foraminifères,” p. 189, pl. 11, figs. 14,15.
A variable species which is fairly common at locality 6 includes individuals closely similar to this Recent West Indian species.
Quinqueloculina aff. contorta d’Orbigny
Plate 25, figure 34
Quinqueloculina contorta d’Orbigny, 1846, Foram. 7. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, p. 298, pl. 20, figs. 4-6.
Specimens from locality 6 somewhat resemble this species described from the Miocene of the Vienna Basin, but are shorter and broader.
Quinqueloculina orbiculata Cushman & Stainforth, n. sp.
Plate 25, figure 32
Test rather small, rounded, nearly as broad as long, thick and rounded in end view, periphery broadly rounded; chambers quinqueloculine, increasing rapidly in size as added, rounded in transverse section; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall smooth, polished; aperture low and broad, curved, with a thickened lip and small, flattened tooth. Length, 0.20-0.23 mm.; breadth, 0.20-0.22 mm.; thickness, 0.18-0.20 mm.
Holotype (Cushman Collection No. 63768) from the Eocene San Mateo formation, subsurface core material from a well near Manta, Ecuador. The species is fairly common at the type locality 6, and rare at locality 7. It somewhat resembles Triloculina globosa (Hanna & Hanna), described from the Eocene of Washington, but differs in the quinqueloculine arrangement of the chambers and the broader and lower aperture.
Genus Spiroloculina d’Orbigny, 1826
Spiroloculina jarvisi Cushman & Todd
Plate 25, figure 36
Spiroloculina jarvisi Cushman & Todd, 1944, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 11, p. 14, p l. 3, fig. 9.
Specimens from locality 6 have been compared with the types from the upper Eocene of Trinidad and seem identical.
Genus Sigmoilina Schlumberger, 1887
Plate 25, figure 35
(For earlier references see Cushman & Todd, 1945, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 15, p. 10, pl. 2, fig. 4); Cushman, 1946, idem, Contr., vol. 22, p. 32, pl. 5, figs. 13-15; — & Gray, idem, Spec. Pub. 19, p. 5, pl. 1, figs. 14-16.
This species evidently has a fairly long range and wide distribution. Typical specimens occur in material from localities 6 and 7.
Genus Triloculina d’Orbigny, 1826
Triloculina tricarinata d’Orbigny
Plate 25, figure 37
(For earlier references see Cushman & Todd, 1945, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 21, p. 83, pl. 13, fig. 15); Cushman & Gay, 1946, idem, Spec. Pub. 19, p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 18.
This species has been widely recorded from Eocene to Recent. Specimens from localities 6 and 7 seem typical and are very similar to those recently recorded from the upper Eocene Moodys marl member of the Jackson formation of Mississippi.
Triloculina cf. Globosa (Hanna & Hanna)
Plate 25, figure 33
Quinqueloculina globosa Hanna & Hanna, 1924, Univ. Washington Pub. Geol., vol. 1, no. 4, p. 58, pl. 13, figs. 1, 2.
Triloculina globosa Beck, 1943, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 594, pl. 100, figs. 3, 4.
A single specimen from locality 6 may be referred to this species, known only from the Eocene of Cowlitz River, Lewis County, Washington. The apertural characters are not the same, however, but more specimens are needed to clarify the identity.
Genus Pyrgo Defrance, 1824
Pyrgo danvillensis Howe & Wallace
Plate 25, figure 38
Pyrgo inornata (d’Orbigny) var. danvillensis Howe & Wallace, 1932, Louisiana Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 2, p. 21, pl. 2, fig. 1; Ellisor, 1933, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 17, pl. 7, fig. 13; Bergquist, 1942, Mississippi Geol. Survey Bull. 49, p. 26, pl. 2, figs. 15, 16.
This form, known from the Jackson Eocene of Louisiana, Texas and Mississippi, seems to be sufficiently distinct from d’Orbigny’s species to be worthy of specific rank. Specimens occur at localities 6 and 7.
Pyrgo pseudoinornata Cushman & Stainforth, n. sp.
Plate 25, figure 39
Test subglobular, slightly longer than broad and usually nearly as thick as wide, periphery broadly rounded, nearly circular
This species evidently has a fairly long in front view; chambers inflated, distinct; suture distinct, somewhat depressed; wall smooth; aperture broadly oval with a slightly thickened border and a low, broad tooth, in some specimens slightly indented in the middle. Length, 0.68-1.00 mm.; breadth, 0.62-0.90 mm.; thickness, 0.55-0.90 mm.
Holotype (Cushman Collection No. 63779) from Eocene San Mateo formation subsurface core material from a well near Manta, Ecuador (locality 6). The species is common at the type locality. It differs from P. inornata (d’Orbigny) in the shorter, more rounded form, and the lower and broader aperture.
Family Trochamminidae
Genus Trochammina Parker & Jones, 1859
Specimens of this genus were obtained from localities 6, 7 and 9, but all are so greatly distorted in fossilization that it is impossible to refer them to any definite species.
Family Lagenidae
Genus Robulus Montfort, 1808
Robulus insuetus Cushman & Stainforth
Plate 25, figure 42
Robulus insuetus Cushman & Stainforth, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Cont. vol. 23, P. 77, pl. 17, fig. 1.
Test closely coiled, strongly umbonate, periphery acute with a narrow keel, somewhat lobulate; chambers, nine to 12, distinct, not inflated, increasing very gradually in size as added; sutures thick, with high ridges, very slightly curved, fusing at the center into an irregular umbonal boss; wall smooth except for the raised sutures; aperture peripheral, radiate. Diameter, 0.75-0.90 mm.; thickness, 0.40-0.45 mm.
This species was described from the Eocene Jusá. formation, between the two main tributaries of Rio Jusá, 14 to 15 km. east-southeast of Colonche, Ecuador, locality 5. (This is a correction of the type locality as recorded in the original description.) The species is fairly common at this locality but was not found elsewhere.
Robulus chiranus Cushman & Stone
Plate 25, figure 41
Robulus chiranus Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 15; Cushman, Stewart & Stewart, 1947 (1948), Oregon Dept. Geol. & Min. Ind. Bull. 36, pt. 5, p. 98, pl. 12, fig. 5.
This species, described from the upper Eocene Chira shale of Peru, is abundant in our material from locality 6. It also occurs in the Eocene of the western coast of the United States.
Plate 25, figure 40
Robulus coaledensis Detling, 1946, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 20, p. 353, pl. 48, fig. 1; Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 9.
The types of this species are from the Lower Tertiary middle Coaledo formation of Oregon. It also occurs in the Eocene Chira shale of Peru. A single specimen from locality 10 was the only one found in our Ecuador material.
Robulus cf. inornatus (d’Orbigny)
Rare and rather poorly preserved specimens are referred to this species with considerable question. They are from localities 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 12.
Robulus cf. cultratus Montfort
Specimens from localities 6 and 12 may be questionably referred to this species.
Other specimens of Robulus are represented by poor or single specimens and cannot be specifically identified with any certainty.
Genus Planularia Defrance, 1824
Planularia cf. clara Cushman & Jarvis
Plate 25, figure 43
Planularia clara Cushman & Jarvis, 1929, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 5, p. 7, pl. 2, figs. 14, 15; Renz, 1942, 8th Am. Sci. Congress Proc., pp. 553, 556 (lists); Cushman & Renz, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 22, p. 13, pl. 3, fig. 12; Renz, 1948, Geol. Soc. America Mem. 32, p. 150, pl. 4, fig. 4.
Specimens from locality 5 are referred to this species with some question. They do not have the fully developed keel or as elevated sutures as the types but are evidently related to it.
Plate 25, figure 44
The single specimen, from locality 12, is figured. More are needed to warrant specific identification.
Plate 25, figure 45
The specimen figured, from locality 6, is the only one found. In some of its characters it suggests a relationship with P. tolmani Cushman & Simonson (1944, p. 195, pl. 30, figs. 13, 14) from the Tumey formation of California which has also been recorded from the Eocene Chira shale of Peru (Cushman and Stone, 1947, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 12), but more specimens are needed to make a specific identification with any certainty.
Genus Marginulina d’Orbigny, 1826
Marginulina cf. eximia Neugeboren
Plate 26, figure 2
Specimens from locality 6 may be referred to this species with some question.
Marginulina cf. attenuata Neugeboren
Plate 26, figure 3
Rare specimens from locality 12 are elongate and resemble this species, but more specimens are needed to confirm the identity.
Genus Dentalina d’Orbigny, 1826
Dentalina cf. communis d’Orbigny
Plate 26, figure 4
Very rare specimens from locality 5 may be referred to this widely recorded species which, from the figures referred to it, is very variable.
Dentalina? cf. mucronata Neugeboren
Plate 26, figure 1
Abundant specimens from locality 5 are referred to this species with some question, as the last chamber is missing in all specimens.
Genus Nodosaria Lamarck, 1812
Nodosaria chirana Cushman & Stone
Plate 26, figure 5
Nodosaria chirana Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 6, pl. 1, figs. 18-21.
Specimens similar to the types of this species, described from the Eocene Chira shale of Peru, occur at localities 4, 5, 6 and 7.
Genus Pseudoglandulina Cushman, 1929
Pseudoglandulina laevigata (d’Orbigny)
Plate 26, figure 6
Nodosaria (Glandulina) laevigata d’Orbigny, 1826, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, p. 252, pl. 10, figs. 1-3.
Many specimens referred to this species since d’Orbigny’s time may not be conspecific, and it is difficult to give a complete synonymy. Rare specimens from localities 6 and 7 seem to be close to the typical form of the species.
Pseudoglandulina cf. turbinata Detling
Plate 26, figure 7
Pseudoglandulina turbinata Detling, 1946, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 20, p. 354, pl. 48, fig. 8; Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 7, pl. 1, fig. 23.
Numerous specimens from locality 6 have the general characters of this species except that they are mostly broadly rounded at the base instead of coming to a point as in the types. This species was described from the Lower Tertiary of Coos Bay, Oregon, and has been recorded from the Eocene Chira shale of Peru.
Genus Saracenaria Defrance, 1824
Plate 26, figure 9
(For references see Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 7, pl. 1, fig. 22.)
This species is widely distributed in the American and European Eocene. On the west coast it is recorded from the Eocene of Cowlitz River, Lewis County, Washington, from Coos Bay, Oregon, and from the Chira shale of Peru. Small but rather typical specimens occur at locality 5.
Genus Vaginulina d’Orbigny, 1826
Vaginulina saundersi (Hanna & Hanna)
Plate 26, figure 8
Cristellaria saundersi Hanna & Hanna, 1924, Univ. Washington Pub. Geol., vol. 1, p. 61, pl. 13, figs. 5, 6, 15.
Vaginulinopsis saundersi Beck, 1943, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, p. 598, pl. 105, figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 10.
The types of this species are from the Eocene of Cowlitz River, Lewis County, Washington. Rare specimens from locality 6 seem to belong to this species.
Genus Lagena Walker & Jacob, 1798
Plate 26, figure 10
Many different forms have been assigned to this species. Specimens from locality 6, one of which is figured, seem fairly typical and rather constant in their characters.
Plate 26, figure 11
Oolina raricosta d’Orbigny, 1839, Voy. Amer. Merid., vol. 5, pt. 5, “Foraminifères,” p. 20, pl. 5, figs. 10, 11.
Lagena isabella (d’Orbigny) var. raricosta Reuss, 1862, Akad. Wiss. Wien. Sitzungsber., vol. 46, pt. 1, pl. 4, fig. 56.
Lagena raricosta Berthelin, 1878, Soc. Acad. Nantes Ann., ser. 5, vol. 8, p. 32; Heron-Allen & Earland, 1932, Discovery Repts., vol. 4, p. 369.
The few records for this species are from the present oceans. Numerous specimens from locality 6 and rare ones from locality 8 seem identical with this species.
Plate 26, figure 12
Specimens from locality 6 may be referred to this species, although like many others similarly identified they are not entirely like the figures of the type, which was collected near the British Isles.
Plate 26, figure 13
Lagena gracilicosta Reuss, 1862, Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber., vol. 46, pt. 1, p. 327, pl. 3, figs. 42, 43; —, 1864, idem, vol. 50, pt. 1, p. 454; —, 1865, Akad. Wiss. Wien Denkschr., vol. 25, p. 127; —, 1870, Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber., vol. 62, pt. 1, p. 467; Clodius, 1922, Archiv. Ver. Freunde Nat. Mecklenberg, 75 Jahr., p. 106; Franke, 1927, Danmarks geol. Undersøgelse, II, Raekke 46, p. 20, pl. 2, fig. 2; Ten Dam, 1944, Geol. Stichting Meded., ser. C-V, no. 3, p. 103.
Specimens from locality 6 seem to be closer to this species than any other. The body of the test is subglobular with a short neck, and the globular portion is ornamented with a series of very fine longitudinal costae. It is very similar to the form figured by Beck (1943, p. 602, pl. 107, fig. 26) as “Lagena sp. a” from the Eocene of Cowlitz River, Lewis County, Washington.
Plate 26, figure 14
A few specimens from locality 6 may be referred to this species with considerable question.
Plate 26, figure 15
The figured specimen of this peculiar form from locality 6 is the only one found. It resembles specimens recorded from the Cocoa sand of Alabama as “Lagena sp. B” (Cushman, 1946, p. 18, pl. 4, fig. 11).
Family Polymorphinidae
Genus Globulina d’Orbigny, 1839
Plate 26, figure 16
(For references see Cushman, 1935, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 181, p. 27, pl. 9, fig. 23, and Cushman & Todd, 1945, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 21, p. 89, pl. 14, fig. 16.)
Rare specimens from locality 6 seem to belong to this widely recorded species.
Genus Sigmomorphina Cushman & Ozawa, 1928
Sigmomorphina trinitatensis Cushman & Ozawa
Plate 26, figure 22
Sigmomorphina trinitatensis Cushman & Ozawa, 1930, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., vol. 77, art. 6, p. 134, pl. 36, figs. 1, 2; Cushman & Stainforth, 1945, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 14, p. 34, pl. 5, fig. 5.
The types of this species are from the Eocene of Trinidad and it has been recorded from the Eocene of Vincentown, New Jersey, and the Oligocene Cipero formation of Trinidad. Specimens, evidently immature, from localities 6, 7 and 12 seem very close to the types. The form figured from the Eocene Chira shale of Peru as “Sigmoidella sp.” (Cushman and Stone, 1947, p. 10, pl. 1, fig. 26) is probably the same. More and further developed specimens are needed to confirm the identification.
Family Nonionidae
Genus Nonion Montfort, 1808
Nonion danvillense Howe & Wallace
Plate 26, figure 17
(For references see Cushman, 1946, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 16, p. 21, pl. 4, fig. 25.)
This is a common species of the Jackson Eocene. The types are from the Jackson of Louisiana and it has been recorded from the Moodys marl and Cocoa sand of Alabama. Specimens from locality 5 are very typical.
Nonion planatum Cushman & Thomas
Plate 26, figure 18
(For references see Cushman, 1946, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 16, p. 21, pl. 4, fig. 24.)
This species is recorded to range from the Claiborne Eocene through the Jackson Eocene and into the lower Oligocene. It is very rare at locality 6.
Nonion ecuadoranum Cushman & Stainforth, n. sp.
Plate 26, figures 19, 20
Test small, umbilicate, periphery rounded, becoming much broader as growth progresses; chambers distinct, somewhat inflated, averaging about eight in the adult whorl, increasing rather rapidly in size and particularly in thickness as added; sutures distinct, only slightly depressed, very gently curved; wall smooth; aperture a low opening at the base of the apertural face of the last formed chamber and extending nearly to the umbilicus at each side. Length, 0.35-0.40 mm.; breadth, 0.25-0.33 mm.; thickness, 0.22-0.25 mm.
Holotype (Cushman Collection No. 63071) from the Eocene Jusá formation between the two main tributaries of Rio Jusá 14 to 15 km. east-southeast of Colonche, Ecuador (locality 5). This species is common at the type locality and it also occurs at localities 6, 7 and 8. It differs from N. olssoni (W. Berry) in the greater proportional length, rapid increase in size of the chambers, and broad periphery.
Genus Nonionella Cushman, 1926
(Cushman & Applin) vars.
Plate 26, figures 21, 24
Nonionina hantkeni Cushman & Applin, 1926, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 10, p. 182, pl. 10, figs. 10, 11.
Nonionella hantkeni (Cushman & Applin) var. spissa Cushman, 1931, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 7, p. 58, pl. 7, fig. 13.
Specimens fairly common at locality 10, but not found elsewhere, are referable to this variable species, especially to the variety spissa, known from the upper Eocene and lower Oligocene of the Gulf Coastal region of the United States.
Family Heterohelicidae
Genus bolivinopsis Yakovlev, 1891
Bolivinopsis pulchella Cushman & Stainforth
Plate 26, figures 30, 31
Bolivinopsis pulchella Cushman & Stainforth, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram Research Contr., vol. 23, p. 78, pl. 17, figs. 4, 5.
Test elongate, strongly compressed, periphery acute but not keeled, center somewhat thickened, base broadly rounded, broad, sides slightly divergent; chambers numerous, the earlier ones close-coiled forming about one and one-half coils, then biserial throughout the adult stage, increasing very gradually in size as added, with as many as ten pairs in the adult; sutures distinct, flush with the surface, strongly oblique; wall thin, finely perforate; aperture elongate, in the terminal face extending to the inner margin. Length, 0.55-0.80 mm.; breadth, 0.22-0.25 mm.; thickness, 0.10-0.12 mm.
This species was described from locality 6 where it is common. It might be mistaken for a Bolivina if the early stages were missing.
Genus Gümbelina Egger, 1899
Plate 26, figure 23
(For references see Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 10, pl. 11, fig. 28.)
The types are from the Eocene of Venezuela and this species is recorded from the Jackson upper Eocene of Mississippi and Alabama, cores from the western Atlantic, the Lodo formation of California, and the Chira shale of Peru. Specimens were found in our material only at locality 5.
Genus Plectofrondicularia Liebus, 1903
Plectofrondicularia cookei Cushman
Plate 26, figure 25
Plectofrondicularia cookei Cushman, 1933, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 9, p. 11, pl. 1, fig. 26; —, 1935, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 181, p. 34, pl. 12, figs. 11, 12; Coryell & Embich, 1937, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 11, p. 303, pl. 42, fig. 14; Bermudez, 1938, Soc. cubana hist. nat. Mem., vol. 12, p. 19; Martin,. 1943, Stanford Univ. Pub., Univ. Ser., Geol. Sci., vol. 3, no. 3, p. 12 (list); Cushman & Stainforth, 1945, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 14, p. 36, pl. 5, fig. 12.
The types of this species are from the Jackson Eocene of South Carolina and it is recorded from the Eocene of Cuba, Panama and California, with a few other less definite records from the Oligocene and Miocene. Specimens from locality 6 seem to be typical.
Plectofrondicularia packardi Cushman & Schenck
(For references see Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 11, pl. 2, fig. 4.)
The records for this species include the Eocene and Oligocene of Washington, Oregon and California, and the Eocene Chira shale of Peru. A single small specimen from locality 8 is the only one found in this material.
Plectofrondicularia packardi var. multilineata Cushman & Simonson
Plate 26, figure 26
(For references see Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 11, pl. 2, fig. 5.)
The records for this variety include the Oligocene of California, Lower Tertiary of Oregon, and the Eocene Chira shale of Peru. Specimens assigned to it are common at locality 5.
Plectofrondicularia vaughani Cushman
Plate 26, figure 27
(For references see Cushman & Stainforth, 1945, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 14, p. 36, pl. 5, fig. 13.)
Apparently more than one species has been included under this name. The species has been recorded from Eocene to Miocene but the original specimens need to be checked with the types. Specimens from localities 6 and 7 are referred here but are somewhat variable.
Plectofrondicularia dentifera Cushman & Stainforth
Plate 26, figures 28, 29
Plectofrondicularia dentifera Cushman & Stainforth, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 23, p. 77, pl. 7, figs. 2, 3.
Test small, about twice as long as wide, very strongly compressed, periphery subacute and somewhat dentate; chambers distinct, not inflated, earlier ones of about half the test, biserial, the last two or three in the adult uniserial, the periphery extending out into a short angular projection; sutures distinct, not depressed; wall smooth; aperture terminal, elliptical, occasionally with a very short neck. Length, 0.45-0.55 mm.; breadth, 0.25-0.28 mm.; thickness, 0.04-0.06 mm.
This species was described from locality 5 where it is very common.
The details of the type locality, erroneously recorded in the original description, should be corrected to: Eocene Jusá formation, between the two main tributaries of Rio Jusá, 14 to 15 km. east-southeast of Colonche, Ecuador.
Genus Amphimorphina Neugeboren, 1850
Species belonging to the upper Eocene group of A. lirata Cushman & Bermudez, A. ignota Cushman & Siegfus and A. yazooensis Bergquist have been described from locality 7 (Stainforth, 1948, p. 129, pl. 24, figs. 9-11).
Genus Nodogenerina Cushman, 1927
Nodogenerina cf. rohri Cushman & Stainforth
Plate 26, figure 32
Nodogenerina rohri Cushman & Stainforth, 1945, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 14, p. 39, pl. 5, fig. 26.
A single specimen from locality 7 was compared with the types of this species from the Oligocene Cipero formation of Trinidad, and while it is somewhat smaller it has the same granular upper part of each chamber as the types. More specimens are needed to confirm the identification.
Plate 26, figure 33
A single specimen from locality 12 probably belongs in this genus but more specimens are needed for a specific identification.
Family Buliminidae
Genus Buliminella Cushman, 1911
Buliminella peruviana Cushman & Stone
Plate 26, figure 34
Buliminella peruviana Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 12, pl. 2, figs. 7-9.
This species, described from the Eocene Chira shale of Peru, occurs in typical form but very rarely at locality 8.
Buliminella peruviana var. obesa Cushman & Stainforth, n. var.
Plate 26, figure 35
This variety differs from the typical form in the more inflated chambers, much deeper sutures, the deeply depressed-spiral suture, and the lobular periphery.
Holotype of variety (Cushman Collection No. 63711) from the Eocene Jusá formation, between the two main tributaries of Rio Jusá, 14 to 15 km. east-southeast of Colonche, Ecuador. The variety is abundant here at locality 5.
Buliminella chirana Cushman & Stone
Plate 26, figure 36
Buliminella chirana Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 13, pl. 2, fig. 10.
Specimens that seem to be identical with this species, described from the Eocene Chira shale of Peru, are common at localities 8 and 9.
Genus Buliminellita Cushman & Stainforth, 1947
Buliminellita mirifica Cushman & Stainforth
Plate 26, figures 37-39
Buliminellita mirifica Cushman & Stainforth, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 23, p. 78, pl. 17, figs. 6-8.
Test small, irregularly fusiform, initial end subacute, greatest breadth slightly above the middle, circular in transverse section, apertural end tapering to a subacute point; chambers distinct, slightly inflated, three to five to a whorl, increasing very slightly in size as added; sutures distinct, slightly depressed, the spiral suture distinct and continuous; wall smooth; aperture in the early stage elongate, loop-shaped, in the adult terminal, rounded, with a distinct neck. Length, 0.35-0.50 mm.; diameter, 0.16-0.20 mm.
This species was described from locality 5 and also occurs at localities 6, 7, 8 and 9. It should make a good index fossil for the upper Eocene in this area.
The details of the type locality, erroneously recorded in the original description, should be corrected to: Eocene Jusá formation between the two main tributaries of Rio Jusá, 14 to 15 km. east-southeast of Colonche, Ecuador.
Genus Bulimina d’Orbigny, 1826
Plate 26, figure 43
(For references see Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 13, pl. 2, fig. 11, and Cushman & Parker, 1947, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 210-D, p. 97, pl. 22, figs. 14-16.) Stainforth, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, pp. 127, 128, pl. 24, fig. 12.
This is a widely distributed species of the upper Eocene and is abundant in the Chira shale of Peru. It is common at localities 5 and 6 and less so at localities 7 and 9.
Plate 26, figure 44
(For references see Cushman & Parker, 1947, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 210-D, p. 106, pl. 25, figs. 8, 9.)
This species apparently ranges from Eocene to Recent. Specimens are common at locality 7 and rather rare at locality 12.
Bulimina stalacta Cushman & Parker
Plate 26, figure 42
Bulimina stalacta Cushman & Parker, 1936, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 12, p. 42, pl. 7, fig. 5; — & —, 1947, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 210-D, p. 99, pl. 23, fig. 4; Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 13, pl. 2, fig. 12.
?Bulimina inflata Cole (not Seguenza), 1927, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 14, no. 21, p. 25, pl. 3, fig. 12.
The types of this species are from the Eocene of California. Among other records is that from the Chira shale of Peru. A single specimen was found in material from locality 7.
(For references and figures see Cushman & Parker, 1947, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 210-D, p. 93, pl. 21, figs. 28, 29.)
The types of the species are from the Eocene of Mexico and it is recorded from the Eocene of Cuba, Trinidad, and cores from the western Atlantic.
A single specimen from locality 1 was the only one in this material.
Bulimina secaensis Cushman & Stainforth
Plate 26, figures 48, 49
Bulimina secaensis Cushman & Stainforth, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 23, p. 79, pl. 17, figs. 9, 10.
Test of medium size, tapering from the subacute to slightly rounded initial end to the greatest breadth above the middle, thence decreasing in breadth to the rounded apertural end; chambers distinct, inflated, increasing rather rapidly but evenly in size as added, the basal portion somewhat contracted; sutures distinct, strongly depressed; wall with numerous longitudinal costae, mostly continuous across but some broken at the sutures; aperture nearly terminal, loop-shaped, with the greatest width at the inner end, thence tapering to a narrow opening at the basal margin of the chamber, with a slightly developed rim. Length, 0.50-0.65 mm.; diameter, 0.32-0.38 mm.
This species was described from locality 5 where it was abundant but has not been found elsewhere.
The details of the type locality, erroneously recorded in the original description, should be corrected to: Eocene Jusá formation, between the two main tributaries of Rio Jusá, 14 to 15 km. east-southeast of Colonche, Ecuador.
Bulimina lineata Cushman & Stainforth
Plate 26, figure 45
Bulimina lineata Cushman & Stainforth, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 23, p. 79, pl. 17, fig. 12.
Test rather small, slender, tapering from the slightly rounded or subacute initial end to the greatest breadth formed by the last one or two whorls, periphery only slightly lobulate, nearly circular in end view with a slight tendency to concavity at the sides; chambers distinct, only slightly inflated, numerous, increasing gradually and rather evenly in size as added; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall ornamented by fine longitudinal costae, continuous across the sutures, the last one or two whorls in the adult often smooth; aperture elongate, slightly oblique, in the terminal face of the last formed chamber extending from the inner margin a considerable distance into the terminal face. Length, 0.50-0.60 mm.; diameter, 0.17-0.22 mm.
This species was described from locality 6 where it is abundant and it also occurs at localities 7 and 12.
Bulimina decurtata Cushman & Stainforth
Plate 26, figure 47
Bulimina decurtata Cushman & Stainforth, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 23, p. 80, pl. 17, fig. 11.
Test rather small, very short and broad, initial end subacute, greatest breadth near the middle, apertural end broadly rounded, the last whorl making up nearly the entire surface of the test; chambers few, increasing very rapidly in size as added, inflated; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall smooth; aperture loop-shaped, extending from the inner margin of the last formed chamber well into the terminal face, curved, but of nearly uniform width, with a slightly thickened border. Length, 0.45-0.60 mm.; diameter, 0.40-0.50 mm.
This species was described from locality 6 and occurs rarely at locality 8.
Bulimina acutangularis Cushman & Stainforth
Plate 26, figure 46
Bulimina acutangularis Cushman & Stainforth, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 23, p. 80, pl. 17, fig. 13.
Test small, initial end subacute, evenly tapering with the greatest breadth near the upper portion of the last whorl, apertural end obliquely truncate, irregularly triangular in transverse section, the earlier portion with acute angles; chambers rather indistinct, increasing rather rapidly in size as added; sutures rather indistinct, slightly depressed in the later portion; wall with very coarse longitudinal costae, somewhat irregular; aperture semi-elliptical, fairly large, with the greatest breadth at the base of the last formed chamber. Length, 0.37-0.42 mm.; breadth, 0.20-0.23 mm.
This species was described from locality 6 where it is common.
Bulimina peruviana Cushman & Stone
Bulimina peruviana Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 14, pl. 2, fig. 16.
A single specimen from locality 3 was the only one found in this material. The types are from the Chira shale of Peru.
Bulimina affectata Cushman & Stainforth, n. sp.
Plate 26, figures 40, 41
Test elongate, averaging about two and one-half times as long as broad, rounded in transverse section, periphery even except in the latest portion where it is slightly indented; chambers distinct, earlier ones not inflated, later ones only slightly so, increasing in size rather rapidly as added; sutures distinct, only those of the last one or two whorls slightly depressed; wall smooth; aperture fairly large, extending well into the apertural face with a broad base. Length, 0.65-0.85 mm.; diameter, 0.25-0.30 mm.
Holotype (Cushman Collection No. 63998) from the Eocene subsurface shales in Zapotal group, subsurface material in wells drilled east of the Cerros de Estancia, Ecuador. This species is abundant at the type locality 8. It somewhat resembles B. microcostata Cushman & Parker from the Eocene of California but differs in the smooth surface, more rapidly enlarging and fewer chambers, and larger aperture.
Genus Globobulimina Cushman, 1927
Single specimens from localities 6 and 10 are difficult to place in any known species until more specimens are available.
Genus Entosolenia Ehrenberg, 1848
Entosolenia hexagona Williamson
Very rare specimens from locality 6 seem to belong in this species.
Entosolenia orbignyana Seguenza
Plate 26, figure 50
Very rare specimens from localities 9 and 12 may be referred to this species although in some respects they resemble E. crumenata Cushman.
Entosolenia cf. marginata (Walker & Boys)
Plate 26, figure 51
Specimens from localities 6, 7, and 12 show considerable variation and are referred here with some question.
Entosolenia cf. lucida Williamson
Plate 26, figure 52
Numerous specimens from locality 6 are referred to this species, which from its records is very variable.
Genus Virgulina d’Orbigny, 1826
Virgulina cf. danvillensis Howe & Wallace
Virgulina danvillensis Howe & Wallace, 1932, Louisiana Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 2, p. 65, pl. 11, fig. 2; Cushman, 1937, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 9, p. 9, pl. 1, figs. 28, 29; —, 1946, idem, Spec. Pub. 16, p. 26, pl. 5, fig. 7; — & Stone, 1947, idem, Spec. Pub. 20, p. 15, pl. 2, fig. 17.
This species is known from the Jackson Eocene of Louisiana and Alabama and from the Chira shale of Peru. A single specimen was found at locality 12.
Genus Bolivina d’Orbigny, 1839
Bolivina maculata Cushman & Stone
Plate 26, figure 54
Bolivina maculata Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 17, pl. 2, fig. 21.
This species, described from the Eocene Chira shale of Peru, is very common in our Ecuadorian material, occurring at localities 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12.
Bolivina basisenta Cushman & Stone
Plate 26, figure 53
Bolivina basisenta Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 15, pl. 2, fig. 20.
This species was also described from the Eocene Chira shale of Peru but, unlike the preceding, is very rare, occurring only at localities 5 and 6.
Bolivina jacksonensis Cushman & Applin
Plate 26, figures 55, 56
(For references see Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 15, pl. 2, fig. 19.)
Specimens referable to this characteristic species of the Jackson Eocene are common in the Ecuador material, occurring at localities 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. The specimens show some variation in relative breadth and thickness.
Plate 26, figure 57
(For references see Cushman & Todd, 1945, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 21, p. 97, pl. 15, fig. 22.)
Specimens showing considerable variation but apparently to be included in this species occur at localities 7 and 10.
Genus Loxostomum Ehrenberg, 1854
Plate 26, figure 58
(For references see Cushman, 1946, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 16, p. 27 pl. 5, fig. 13.)
The types of this species are from the Jackson Eocene of Alabama and it has been recorded from the upper Eocene of Panama. It is very common at locality 5 and rare at locality 8.
Genus Uvigerina d’Orbigny, 1826
Uvigerina mantaensis Cushman & Edwards
Plate 26, figure 59
(For earlier references see Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 17, pl. 2, fig. 26.) Cushman & Renz, 1947, idem, Spec. Pub. 22, p. 27; — & 1948, idem, Spec. Pub. 24, p. 27.
This species, described from the sea coast near Manta, Ecuador, occurs commonly at locality 12 and rarely at locality 1.
Uvigerina chirana Cushman & Stone
Plate 26, figure 60
Uvigerina chirana Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 17, pl. 2, fig. 25.
Rare specimens of this species, described from the Eocene Chira shale of Peru, occur at locality 9.
Plate 26, figure 61
Uvigerina yazooensis Cushman, 1933, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 9, p. 13, pl. 1, fig. 29; —, 1935, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 181, p. 41, pl. 16, figs. 5, 6; — & Edwards, 1937, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 85, pl. 12, figs. 16, 17; Bergquist, 1942, Mississippi Geol. Survey Bull. 49, p. 79, pl. 8, fig. 6; Cushman, 1946, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 16, p. 29, pl. 6, fig. 2; — & Todd, 1948, idem, Contr., vol. 24, p. 10 (list), pl. 2, fig. 7; — & Cederstrom, 1949, Virginia Geol. Survey Bull. 67 (dated 1945), p. 30.
Specimens of this characteristic Jackson Eocene species occur abundantly at localities 5 and 8 and rarely at localities 10 and 12.
Uvigerina curta Cushman & Jarvis
Uvigerina curta Cushman & Jarvis, 1929, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 5, p. 13, pl. 3, figs. 13-15; Stainforth, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, p. 129, pl. 24, fig. 17.
This name has been applied to a variable species group with prominent lamellate costae, common in the neritic facies of the upper Eocene, especially at locality 7. The types were described from the upper Eocene San Fernando formation of Trinidad.
Family Ellipsoidinidae
Genus Pleurostomella Reuss, 1860
Pleurostomella obesa Cushman & Bermudez
Plate 26, figure 62
Pleurostomella obesa Cushman & Bermudez, 1937, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 16, pl. 1, fig. 61; Keijzer, 1942, Nederlandsch Akad. Wetensch. Proc., vol. 45, p. 607 (list).
The types of this species are from the Eocene of Cuba and the only other record is from the lower Oligocene of Cuba. A single specimen from locality 6 seems to be identical.
Pleurostomella cf. acuta Hantken
Plate 26, figure 63
Rare specimens from locality 12 are referred to this species which is rather widely recorded from the Eocene.
Pleurostomella ecuadorana Cushman & Stainforth, n. sp.
Plate 26, figure 64
Test elongate, circular in transverse section, initial end very broadly rounded, periphery slightly indented at the sutures; chambers few, increasing only slightly in size as added; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall smooth; aperture small, oval, beneath an overhanging extension of the outer end of the last formed chamber, which is slightly keeled. Length, 0.75-0.90 mm.; diameter, 0.27-0.30 mm.
Holotype (Cushman Collection No. 63899) from the Eocene San Mateo formation, outcrop on trail across the Cerro de Hoja, Ecuador. The species was found only at the type locality 12, and specimens show very little variation. This species differs from P. subnodosa Reuss in the fewer chambers, nearly equal diameter throughout, and the broadly rounded initial end.
Genus Ellipsonodosaria
Silvestri, 1900
Ellipsonodosaria nuttalli var. gracillima Cushman & Jarvis
Plate 26, figure 65
(For references see Cushman & Todd, 1945, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 15, p. 55, pl. 8, fig. 13.)
types of this variety are from localities 3, 7, 9 and 12. The types are from the Oligocene of Trinidad and it is also recorded from the Eocene of Cuba and the Miocene of Jamaica.
Ellipsonodosaria decurta Bermudez
Plate 26, figure 67
Ellipsonodosaria decurta Bermudez, 1937, Soc. cubana hist. nat. Mem., vol. 11, p. 144, pl. 17, figs. 13, 14; —, 1938, idem, vol. 12, p. 5; Cushman & Stainforth, 1945, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 14, p. 56, pl. 10, fig. 1.
Rare specimens from localities 7 and 12 are close to this species, described from the Eocene of Cuba and recorded from the Oligocene Cipero formation of Trinidad.
Ellipsonodosaria verneuilii (d’Orbigny)
Plate 27, figures 3, 4
(For earlier references see Cushman & Todd, 1945, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 15, p. 54, pl. 8, fig. 9.) Colom, 1945, Inst. Inv. Geol. Estudios Geologicos, no. 2, p. 41, pl. 1, figs. 3-6, p. 73, pl. 2, figs. 38, 43, pl. 4, figs. 79-81; —, 1946, Inst. Inv. Geol. Estudios Geologicos, no. 3, p. 70, pl. 9, figs. 204-206; Cushman, 1946, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 210-A, p. 11; Germeraad, in: Rutten & Hotz, 1946, Geological, petrographical, and paleontological results of explorations in the Island of Ceram, 3d. ser., Geol., no. 2, p. 69.
Specimens of this widely recorded species were found only at locality 12.
Ellipsonodosaria curvatura Cushman
Plate 26, figure 66
Ellipsonodosaria curvatura Cushman, 1939, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 15, p. 71, pl. 12, fig. 6; — & Stainforth, 1945, idem, Spec. Pub. 14, p. 56, pl. 9, fig. 16; — & Stone, 1947, idem, Spec. Pub. 20, p. 18, pl. 2, fig. 28.
The types of this species are from the Eocene of Atlantic submarine cores and it has been recorded from the Eocene Chira shale of Peru and the Oligocene Cipero formation of Trinidad. Specimens referable to it occur at localities 5, 6, 9 and 12.
Ellipsonodosaria curvatura var. spinea Cushman
Plate 27, figure 2
Ellipsonodosaria curvatura var. spinea Cushman, 1939, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., Specimens apparently identical with the vol. 15, p. 71, pl. 12, figs. 7-11; — & Stainforth, 1945, idem, Spec. Pub. 14, p. 56, pl. 9, fig. 17.
This variety occurs with the typical form at the type locality and in the Oligocene of Trinidad. It is very common at locality 6 but was not found elsewhere.
Ellipsonodosaria curvatura Cushman, var. A
Plate 27, figure 1
A few specimens from locality 7 appear to be related to this species but are not well preserved and need more and better specimens to show the full characters.
Plate 27, figure 7
Rare and incomplete specimens from locality 12 cannot be specifically determined until more complete specimens are available.
Plate 27, figure 8
Numerous but incomplete specimens similar to that figured occur at localities 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 12. They show a considerable degree of variation in ornamentation but the form of the chambers is rather constant.
Plate 27, figures 5, 6
Fragmentary specimens from locality 7. Better and more complete specimens are needed for identification.
Genus Ellipsoglandulina Silvestri, 1900
Ellipsoglandulina labiata (Schwager)
Plate 27, figure 9
The single figured specimen from locality 8 seems to belong to this species.
Genus Parafissurina Parr, 1947
Parafissurina cf. ventricosa (Silvestri)
Plate 27, figure 10
Very rare specimens from locality 6 seem related to this species.
Family Rotaliidae
Genus Spirillina Ehrenberg, 1843
Plate 27, figure 11
A single specimen from locality 6 was the only one of this genus found in the Ecuador
material. It is very small, with the two sides alike and very finely marked with radiating depressions. It does not seem to belong to any described species, but more specimens are needed to give complete specific characters.
Genus Discorbis Lamarck, 1804
Plate 27, figures 14, 15
Truncatulina samanica Berry, 1928, Eclogae geol. Helvetiae, vol. 21, p. 402, text-fig. 24.
Discorbis samanica Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 19, pl. 2, fig. 27.
The types of this species are from the Eocene Lobitos shales of Peru and it has been recorded from the Chira shale of Peru. In the Eocene of Ecuador the species is common at locality 12 and less common at 1, 3, 4, 5, 9 and 10. The specimens show considerable variation but the limbate dorsal sutures seem to be a constant character.
Genus Valvulineria Cushman, 1926
Plate 27, figures 16, 17
Anomalina samanica Berry, 1928, Eclogae geol. Helvetiae, vol. 21, p. 402, text-fig. 22.
Valvulineria samanica Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 19, pl. 3, fig. 1.
The types of this species are also from the Eocene Lobitos shales of Peru and it is recorded from the Chira shale of Peru. Rare specimens from locality 5 seem to belong to this species.
Valvulineria texana Cushman & Ellisor
Plate 27, figures 12, 13
(For references see Cushman, 1946, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 16, p. 31, pl. 6, fig. 13.)
The previous records of this species are from the Jackson Eocene of Texas, Louisiana, Alabama and Georgia. Rare but apparently typical specimens occur at localities 6 and 7.
Valvulineria peruviana var. discrepans Cushman & Stainforth, n. var.
Plate 27, figure 18
Variety differing from the typical form in the more elongate test, less rounded periphery, and somewhat more compressed test. Holotype of variety (Cushman Collection No. 63967) from the Eocene Zapallo formation on Rio Zapallo Grande, at a point 9 km. east southeast of Telembi, Ecuador. This variety is rather rare at the type locality 7, and rare also at locality 6.
Valvulineria eocenica Cushman & Stainforth, n. sp.
Plate 27, figure 19
Test slightly longer than broad, dorsal side flattened or even slightly concave in the earlier stages, slightly convex in the later portion, ventral side strongly convex, somewhat umbilicate, periphery acute and slightly keeled; chambers distinct, usually seven or eight in the adult whorl, strongly convex ventrally, only slightly so in the last portion of the dorsal side; sutures distinct, strongly limbate and raised on the dorsal side, strongly curved, on the ventral side depressed and nearly radial; wall smooth except for the raised sutures and keel, distinctly perforate; aperture at the ventral margin of the last formed chamber below a slightly projecting lobe. Length, 0.55-0.75 mm.; breadth, 0.50-0.55 mm.; thickness, 0.28-0.32 mm.
Holotype (Cushman Collection No. 63968) from the Eocene Zapallo formation, on Rio Zapallo Grande, at a point 9 km. east southeast of Telembi, Ecuador. The species is common at the type locality 7, and less common at locality 6, but was not found elsewhere. It differs from V. crassisepta Keijzer from the Tertiary of Cuba in the sutures being depressed and not limbate and very slightly curved on the ventral side, as well as by the more open arrangement of the chambers on the dorsal side.
Genus Gyroidina d’Orbigny, 1826
Gyroidina chirana Cushman & Stone
Plate 27, figure 25
Gyroidina chirana Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 23, pl. 3, fig. 4.
This species was described from the Eocene Chira shale of Peru. Like many other species of that formation it is common at locality 5 but was not found elsewhere.
Plate 27, figure 24
(For references see Cushman, 1946, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 206, p. 140, pl. 58, fig. 9.)
This species is widely recorded in the Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous. Specimens from localities 6, 7 and 9 seem to belong here.
Gyroidina orbicularis var. planata Cushman
Plate 27, figures 22, 23
(For references see Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec; Pub. 20, p. 22, pl. 3, fig. 5.)
Specimens from locality 6 seem to belong to this variety. It is recorded from the Jackson Eocene of South Carolina and from the Eocene Kreyenhagen shale of California, the Chira shale of Peru, and the Oligocene Lincoln formation of Washington. The Ecuador specimens do not have quite as wide or deep a whorl on the dorsal side but this varies even in the type material.
Gyroidina soldanii var. octocamerata Cushman & Hanna
Plate 27, figures 20, 21
(For earlier references see Cushman, 1946, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 16, 31, pl. 6, fig. 15.) Cushman & Stone, 1947, idem, Spec. Pub. 20, p. 22, pl. 3, fig. 6.
Most of the records for this variety are from the upper Eocene and it has recently been recorded from the Eocene Chira shale of Peru. It is common in the Ecuador material, occurring at localities 5, 6, 7, 9 and 12.
Plate 27, figures 26, 27
Gyroidina scalata Garrett, 1938, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 12, p. 316, pl. 40, figs. 12, 13; Cushman & Ellisor, 1939, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 15, p. 10, pl. 2, fig. 1; Ellisor, 1940, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 24, pl. 2, fig. 8; Colom, 1946, Inst. Inv. Geol., Estudios Geologicos, no. 3, p. 63, pl. 4, fig. 109.
The types of this species are from the Oligocene ? of deep wells of Texas. Specimens from locality 6 have been compared with paratypes of this species and seem identical.
Genus Eponides Montfort, 1808
Plate 27, figures 28, 29
Specimens evidently belonging to this widely recorded species occur in material from localities 4, 6, 7, 9 and 12. It is recorded from the Eocene of South Carolina, Mexico, Cuba, Venezuela and California, and from the Chira shale of Peru.
Plate 27, figure 31
(For references see Cushman, 1946, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 16, p. 34, pl. 6, fig. 16.)
This species seems to be limited to the upper Eocene, recorded from Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi and California. It is rare in the Ecuador material, occurring only at localities 4 and 12.
Plate 27, figure 30
(For references see Cushman, 1946, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 16, p. 34, pl. 6, fig. 17.)
Very rare but typical specimens of this upper Eocene species occur at locality 12. It is recorded from the Eocene of Georgia, South Carolina, California and Washington.
Genus Parrella Finlay, 1939
Pulvinulinella culter (Parker & Jones) var. mexicana Cole, 1927, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 14, no. 51, p. 31, pl. 1, figs. 15, 16.
A single specimen from locality 6 seems to belong to this species.
Genus Epistomina Terquem, 1883
Epistomina eocenica Cushman & Hanna
Plate 27, figures 32, 33
Epistomina eocenica Cushman & Hanna, 1927, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., vol. 5, p. 53, pl. 5, figs. 4, 5; Wienzierl & Applin, 1929, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 3, p. 407; Cushman & McMasters, 1936, idem, vol. 10, p. 515, pl. 76, fig. 5.
Rare specimens from localities 3, 6 and 7 seem to belong to this Eocene species. Not all of the references to it appear to be of typical specimens. Similar specimens occur in the Chira shale of Peru.
Genus Ferayina Frizzell, 1949
Dictyoconus sp. Stainforth, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, p. 146.
Ferayina peruviana Frizzell, 1949, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 23, P. 486, text-figs. 7a, b.
This species is known from orbitoidal sand near the base of the Socorro formation, stratigraphically intermediate in level between units 4 and 9 of this paper. The few specimens so far noted (Cushman Collection No. 63684) came from a single sample collected on the beach at Ancon Point, 150 meters south of the pumphouse.
Family Amphisteginidae
Genus Asterigerina d’Orbigny, 1839
Asterigerina crassaformis Cushman & Siegfus
Plate 27, figures 34, 35
Asterigerina crassaformis Cushman & Siegfus, 1935, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 11, p. 94, pl. 14, fig. 10; — & —, 1942, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., vol. 9, no. 34, p. 420, pl. 18, fig. 1; Kelley, 1943, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., vol. 27, pp. 8, 11 (lists); Curran, 1943, idem, pp. 1378, 1381 (lists); Martin, 1943, Stanford Univ. Pub., Univ. ser., Geol. Sci., vol. 3, no. 3, p. 9 (list).
Specimens from localities 9 and 12 have been compared with the types from the Eocene Kreyenhagen shale of California and seem identical. Other records are all from the California Eocene.
Genus Helicostegina Barker and Grimsdale, 1936
Helicostegina elliotti (Cushman & Stainforth)
Plate 27, figures 36-40
Amphistegina elliotti Cushman & Stainforth, 1946, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 22, p. 118, pl. 20, figs. 1-6.
Test strongly conical in shape, the dorsal side nearly flat or only slightly convex, the ventral side nearly as deep as wide, periphery subacute; chambers of the dorsal side involute, strongly curved, the ventral side with supplementary chambers distinctly curved and in some specimens apparently tending to become slightly labyrinthic; sutures rather indistinct except in abraded specimens, but very strongly curved; wall especially on the ventral side marked by prominent, raised papillae, the dorsal side also with distinct papillae in well preserved specimens; aperture on the ventral side, elongate, at the inner margin of the last formed chamber. Height, 0.75-1.00 mm.; diameter, 0.75-1.50 mm.
This species was described from locality 1. It was not found elsewhere.
Family Cassidulinidae
Genus Cassidulina d’Orbigny, 1826
Typical specimens of this species are common at locality 6 and rare at localities 4 and 5. It is widely recorded and occurs in the Chira shale of Peru.
Cassidulina cf. crassa d’Orbigny
A few specimens from localities 9 and 12 seem to be related to this species.
Genus Stichocassidulina Stone, 1946
Stichocassidulina thalmanni Stone
Stichocassidulina thalmanni Stone, 1946, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 20, p. 60, text-figs. 1, 2; Stainforth, 1948, idem, vol. 22, p. 127, pl. 24, fig. 26.
This distinctive species is known from localities 5, 7 and 12. Fully typical specimens are common in some samples although there is a tendency for the Ecuadorean form to be smaller, with less prominent supplementary apertures, than the form common in the Chira formation of Peru.
Family Chilostomellidae
Genus Allomorphina Reuss, 1850
Plate 28, figure 2
Allomorphina trigona Reuss, 1850, Akad. Wiss. Wien Denkschr., vol. 1, p. 380, pl. 48, fig. 14; Cushman & Todd, 1949, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 25, p. 67, pl. 12, figs. 1, 2.
Specimens referable to this species are common at locality 6 and a single specimen was found from locality 11.
Genus Chilostomella Reuss, 1850
Chilostomella cf. CYLINDROIDES Reuss
Very rare and rather poorly preserved specimens from locality 9 may be referred to this species.
Genus Chilostomelloides Cushman, 1926
Chilostomelloides oviformis (Sherborn & Chapman)
Plate 28, figure 1
Lagena (Obliquina) oviformis Sherborn & Chapman, 1886, Jour. Roy. Micro. Soc., p. 745, pl. 14, fig. 19.
Chilostomella oviformis Sherborn & Chapman, 1889, Jour. Roy. Micro. Soc., p. 485, pl. 11, fig. 13.
Chilostomelloides oviformis Cushman, 1926, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 1, pt. 4, p. 77, pl. 11, figs. 17, 21; —, 1927, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 168, pl. 26, fig. 10; Cole, 1928, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 14, no. 53, p. 216 (16); Nuttall, 1930, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 4, p. 289; —, 1932, idem, vol. 6, p. 28; Howe & Wallace, 1932, Louisiana Dept. Cons. Geol. Bull. 2, p. 73. pl. 15, fig. 5; Cushman, 1933, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 4, pl. 26, fig. 9; —, 1933, idem, Spec. Pub. 5, pl. 33, figs. 12, 13; Bergquist, 1942, Mississippi Geol. Survey Bull. 49, p. 94, pl. 9, fig. 31; Colom, 1945, Inst. Inv. Geol., Estudios Geologicos, no. 2, p. 74, pl. 5, figs. 135-139; Cushman & Todd, 1949, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 25, p. 94, pl. 16, figs. 7-9.
This species was described from the Eocene London clay of England, and has been recorded from the upper Eocene and lower Oligocene of the southern United States and Mexico. Specimens are fairly common at localities 6 and 7 and rare at 9.
Genus Pullenia Parker and Jones, 1862
Plate 28, figure 3
Pullenia duplicata Stainforth, 1949, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 23, p. 436.
Specimens referable to this widely recorded species occur only at locality 6. It apparently ranges from Miocene to Eocene and was recently recorded from the Chira shale of Peru. The above reference gives synonymy for this species originally described from the Oligocene Septaria clay of Germany.
Pullenia cf. alazanensis Cushman
A few poorly preserved specimens from localities 5 and 12 resemble this species described from the Oligocene Alazan shale of Mexico and recorded from the Eocene Chira shale of Peru.
Pullenia cf. quinqueloba (Reuss)
Very rare specimens from localities 6 and 9 seem close to this species.
Pullenia quinqueloba var. angusta Cushman & Todd
Plate 28, figure 4
Pullenia quinqueloba (Reuss) var. angusta Cushman & Todd, 1943, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 19, p. 10, pl. 2, figs. 3, 4; Cushman, 1946, idem, Spec. Pub. 16, p. 37, pl. 7, fig. 11; — & Todd, 1946, idem, Contr., vol. 22, p. 63.
Most of the records for this variety are from the lower Eocene but it has recently been recorded from the upper Eocene Cocoa sand of Alabama. Rare specimens from localities 7 and 8 seem to belong to this variety.
Plate 28, figure 5
Pullenia compressiuscula var. quadriloba Reuss, 1867, Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber., vol. 55, p. 87, pl. 3, fig. 8; Grzybowski, 1896, Akad. umiej. Krakow Rozpraw., vol. 10, p. 300, pl. 11, fig. 1.
Pullenia quadriloba Cushman & Todd, 1943, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 19, p. 15, pl. 2, figs. 20, 21; — & —, 1945, idem, Spec. Pub. 15, p. 65, pl. 11, fig. 7.
The figured specimen from locality 6 seems to belong to this species. It is the only one found in the Ecuador material. The previous records are from the Miocene.
Family Globigerinidae
There are numerous species of Globigerina in the material studied. Stainforth (1948, p. 114 et seq.) has stressed their value in zonation, mentioning G. danvillensis Howe & Wallace, G. wilsoni (?) Cole, G. triloculinoides (?) Beck (not Plummer), G. aff. bulloides d’Orbigny, G. cf. concinna Reuss, and G. dissimilis Cushman & Bermudez from the Eocene of western Ecuador. Probably other species, not yet determined, are also present.
Genus Hastigerinella Cushman, 1927
Hastigerinella eocanica Nuttall?
Hastigerinella eocanica Nuttall, 1928, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 2, p. 376, pl. 50, figs. 9-11; Stainforth, 1948, idem, vol. 22, p. 116, pl. 26, figs. 18, 19.
From locality 3 there are numerous fragments that seem to be the spinose projections of this species but no complete specimens were found. With these are still more numerous fragments that resemble the spines of H. jarvisi Cushman (1930, p. 18, pl. 3, figs. 8-11), known from the Eocene of Trinidad. Hastigerinella is the only foraminifer found consistently, though never in abundance, in the radiolarian facies developed at localities 11, 12 and 13.
Family Hantkeninidae
Hantkenina alabamensis Cushman
Plate 28, figure 9
(For earlier references see Cushman, 1946, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 16, 37, pl. 7, fig. 17.) Cushman & Stone, 1947, idem, Spec. Pub. 20, p. 25, pl. 3, figs. 14, 15; Stainforth, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, p. 127, pl. 25, fig. 3.
This species, widely recorded from the upper Eocene, is common at localities 5 and 6. It also occurs in the Chira shale of Peru.
Family Globorotaliidae
Genus Globorotalia Cushman, 1927
Globorotalia cf. G. (Truncorotalia) crassata Cushman
Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) crassata Cushman & Bermudez, 1949, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 25, p. 37, pl. 7, figs. 4-6.
Very rare specimens from locality 9 are much like this species but are not quite as spinose. More specimens are needed to verify the specific identity.
Globorotalia (Turborotalia) centralis
Cushman & Bermudez
Globorotalia centralis Cushman & Bermudez, 1937, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 13, p. 26, pl. 2, figs. 62-65; Stainforth, 1948, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, p. 118.
Globorotalia (Turborotalia) centralis Cushman & Bermudez, 1949, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 25, p. 44, pl. 8, figs. 19-21.
The typical form of this species occurs at locality 7. It is widely distributed in the upper Eocene of the Caribbean region.
Family Anomalinidae
Genus Anomalina d’Orbigny, 1826
Anomalina chirana Cushman & Stone
Plate 28, figures 7, 8
Anomalina chirana Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub 20, p. 25, pl. 4, fig. 1.
Typical specimens of this species, described from the Eocene Chira shale of Peru, are very common at localities 6, 7 and 12.
Anomalina alazanensis var. spissiformis Cushman & Stainforth
Plate 28, figure 6
Anomalina alazanensis Nuttall var. spissiformis Cushman & Stainforth, 1945, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 14, p. 71, pl. 14, fig. 5; Cushman & Todd, 1945, idem, Spec. Pub. 15, p. 69, pl. 12, fig. 3.
Rare specimens from locality 6 resemble this variety, described from the Oligocene Cipero formation of Trinidad and recorded from the Miocene of Buff Bay, Jamaica. The Ecuador specimens are not entirely typical but closely resemble the types. It is possible that our specimens are related to A. chirana but more specimens are needed to check this suggestion.
Anomalina subbadenensis Pijpers
Plate 28, figures 18, 19
Anomalina subbadenensis Pijpers, 1933, Geol. Pal. Bonaire, p. 72, text-figs. 116-120.
Specimens from locality 8 are fairly common and resemble this species, described from the Eocene of the Island of Bonaire. The species earlier recorded by us from the Oligocene of Trinidad (Cushman and Stainforth, 1945, p. 71, pl. 14, fig. 2) is now believed to fall under Globorotalia (Turborotalia) mayeri Cushman & Ellisor (see Cushman and Bermudez, 1949, p. 44, pl. 8, figs. 16-18).
Genus Planulina d’Orbigny, 1826
Planulina cocoaensis var. cooperensis Cushman
Plate 28, figure 12
Planulina cocoaensis var. cooperensis Cushman, 1933, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 9, p. 20, pl. 2, fig. 12; —, 1935, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 181, p. 52, pl. 22, fig. 8; Bergquist, 1942, Mississippi Geol. Survey Bull. 49, p. 99, pl. 10, figs. 5, 6; Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 25, pl. 4, fig. 2.
This variety was described from the upper Eocene of South Carolina and recorded from the upper Eocene of Mississippi and the Eocene Chira shale of Peru. A single specimen from locality 7 seems fairly typical.
Planulina chirana Cushman & Stone
Plate 28, figure 13
Planulina chirana Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 26, pl. 4, fig. 3.
Rare specimens of this species described from the Eocene Chira shale of Peru were found at locality 5 and specimens which may be the early stages at 9 and 12.
Planulina crenulata Cushman & Stone
Plate 28, figure 14
Planulina crenulata Cushman & Stone, 1947, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, p. 26, pl. 4, figs. 4, 5.
Rare and somewhat contorted specimens of this species described from the Chira shale of Peru occur at locality 8. A few specimens from locality 5 may be the early stages of this species.
Plate 28, figures 10, 11
Planulina mexicana Cushman, 1927, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 3, p. 113, pl. 23, fig. 5; —, 1927, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 1, p. 170; Nuttall, 1932, idem, vol. 6, p. 31, pl. 7, fig. 7; Hadley, 1934, Bull. Am. Paleontology, vol. 20, no. 70A, p. 28, pl. 4, fig. 12; Palmer & Bermudez, 1936, Soc. cubana hist. nat. Mem., vol. 10, p. 312; Bermudez, 1938, idem, vol. 12, p. 18; Van Bellen, de Witt Puyt, Rutgers & van Soest, 1941, Nederlandsch Akad. Wetensch. Proc., vol. 44, p. 1145; Galloway & Heminway, 1941, New York Acad. Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Islands, vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 399, pl. 26, fig. 3.
The types of this species are from the lower Oligocene Alazan clay of Mexico. It has been recorded also from the lower Oligocene of Cuba, the Ponce formation of Porto Rico, and the Eocene of Cuba. The two specimens figured from locality 6 are close to the types in character and are the only ones found in the Ecuador material.
Genus Cibicides Montfort, 1808
Cibicides cf. mississippiensis (Cushman)
Plate 28, figure 15
Fairly common specimens from localities 4, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 12 resemble this species.
Cibicides mississippiensis var. ocalanus Cushman
Plate 28, figures 16, 17
Cibicides mississippiensis (Cushman) var. ocalanus Cushman, 1935, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 181, p. 54; Applin & Jordan, 1945, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 19, pp. 130 (list), 148.
This variety is known from the upper Eocene of Florida, Georgia, Alabama and South Carolina. Specimens compared with the types and appearing identical are from localities 1, 6, 7 and 12.
Cibicides cf. praeconcentricus Cushman
Cibicides praeconcentricus Cushman, 1945, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 21, p. 10, pl. 2, fig. 14.
A single specimen from locality 3 was compared with the type of this species from the Jackson Eocene of Georgia and seems very similar.
Cibicides cookei Cushman & Garrett
Plate 28, figures 20, 21, 25
Cibicides cookei Cushman & Garrett, 1938, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 14, p. 65, pl. 11, fig. 3.
Numerous specimens from localities 6, 7 and 9 are very close to the types of this species, described from the lower Oligocene of Alabama. Also included here tentatively are a few large individuals from locality 7 (pl. 28, fig. 25) which possibly represent a mature growth stage.
antiquus (Cushman & Applin)
Plate 28, figure 24
(For references see Cushman & Todd, 1945, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 21, p. 104, pl. 16, figs. 21, 22.)
Very rare specimens from locality 8 seem to belong to this variety which is characteristic of the Jackson Eocene.
Cibicides cicatricosus (Schwager)
Plate 28, figure 27
(For references see Cushman & Stainforth, 1945, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 14, p. 73, pl. 15, fig. 6.)
A single specimen from locality 8 seems to belong to this species, known from the Pliocene and Oligocene.
Plate 28, figures 22, 23
Cibicides cooperensis Cushman, 1933, Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 9, p. 20, pl. 2, fig. 11; —, 1935, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 181, p. 53, pl. 23, fig. 3.
The only records for this species are from the upper Eocene Cooper marl of South Carolina. Rare specimens from locality 8 were compared with the types and seem identical.
Cibicides cf. lobatulus (Walker & Jacob)
Plate 28, figure 26
Numerous specimens from locality 6 seem closely related to this species which has been widely recorded. In some respects they resemble the line drawings of “Truncatulina lobatula var. peruviana” of Berry (1928, p. 400, text-fig. 10) from the Saman shale of Peru. The specimens, however, do not agree with the description given as they have a coarsely perforate test and are not biconvex.
Cibicides perlucida Nuttall, 1932, Jour. Paleontology, vol. 6, p. 33, pl. 8, figs. 10-12; Stainforth, 1948, idem, vol. 22, p. 129, pl. 25, figs. 8-10.
This large and distinctive species has been recorded in Eocene and early Oligocene faunas at widely separated localities (see second of references above), to which we can add northwest Peru (Verdun formation, etc.). In Ecuador it is known from localities 1, 3, 4, 5 and 7; never in abundance though conspicuous when present. The degree of ventral convexity, pronounced in immature specimens, decreases with increasing size.
Family Planorbulinidae
Genus Gypsina Carter, 1877
Plate 28, figure 28
A single specimen from locality 1 is incomplete and may be placed in this species with some question.
PLATE 25
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 25
Fig. 1—Rhabdammina eocenica Cushman & Hanna. x13.
2, 3—Rhabdammina samanica Berry. x25.
4—Bathysiphon eocenica Cushman & Hanna. x13.
5—Technitella archaeonitida Stainforth & Stevenson. x35.
6, 7—Psammosphaera eocenica Cushman & Stainforth, n. sp. x25. 6, Holotype; 7, paratype, with broken wall, showing interior.
8—Haplophragmoides carinatum Cushman & Renz. x35.
9—Haplophragmoides cf. hetha Berry. x35.
10, 11—Haplophragmoides sp. 10, x35. 11, x25.
12, 13—Ammodiscus cf. incertus (d’Orbigny). x35. 12, Deformed specimen; 13, fragment.
14-16—Cyclammina cf. pacifica Beck. 14, 15, x13. 14a, Side view; b, peripheral view. 16, x25. Photographed in glycerin.
17, 18—Spiroplectammina eocenica (Cushman & Barksdale). x35.
19, 20—Spiroplectammina nuttalli Lalicker. x25.
21—Spiroplectammina sp. x35.
22— Vulvulina chirana Cushman & Stone. x25.
23—Ammospirata mexicana (Cushman). x35.
24, 25—Karreriella? cf. contorta Beck. x35.
26, 27—Plectina nuttalli Cushman & Stainforth, n. sp. x25. 26, Holotype; a, front view; b, apertural view; 27, paratype.
28—Quinqueloculina cf. seminula (Linné). x25. a, Side view; b; apertural view.
29-31—Quinqueloculina cf. lamarckiana d’Orbigny. x25. 29a, 30a, 31a. Side views; 29b, 30b, 31b, apertural views.
32—Quinqueloculina orbiculata Cushman & Stainforth, n. sp. x25. a, Side view; b, apertural view.
33—Triloculina cf. globosa (Hanna & Hanna). x13. a, Side view; b, apertural view.
34—Quinqueloculina aff. contorta d’Orbigny. x35. a, Side view; b, apertural view.
35—Sigmoilina tenuis (Czjzek). x35.
36—Spiroloculina jarvisi Cushman & Todd. x35.
37—Triloculina tricarinata d’Orbigny. x35. a, Side view; b, apertural view.
38—Pyrgo danvillensis Howe & Wallace. x25. a, Front view; b, apertural view.
39—Pyrgo pseudo-inornata Cushman & Stainforth, n. sp. x25. a, Front view; b, apertural view.
40—Robulus coaledensis Detling. x35.
41—Robulus chiranus Cushman & Stone. x35.
42—Robulus insuetus Cushman & Stainforth. x25. a, Side view; b, peripheral view.
43—Planularia cf. clara Cushman & Jarvis. x35.
44—Planularia sp. A. x35.
45—Planularia sp. B. x35.
PLATE 26
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 26
Fig. 1—Dentalina ? cf. mucronata Neugeboren. x35.
2—Marginulina cf. eximia Neugeboren. x35.
3—Marginulina cf. attenuata Neugeboren. x35.
4—Dentalina cf. communis d’Orbigny. x35.
5—Nodosaria chirana Cushman & Stone. x35.
6—Pseudoglandulina laevigata (d’Orbigny). x35.
7—Pseudoglandulina cf. turbinata Detling. x35.
8—Vaginulina saundersi (Hanna & Hanna). x25.
9—Saracenaria hantkeni Cushman. x35.
10—Lagena acuticosta Reuss. x35.
11—Lagena raricosta (d’Orbigny). x35.
12—Lagena cf. striata Williamson. x35.
13—Lagena cf. gracilicosta Reuss. x35.
14—Lagena cf. laevis (Montagu). x35.
15—Lagena sp. x35.
16—Globulina cf. minuta (Roemer). x35.
17—Nonion danvillense Howe & Wallace. x35.
18—Nonion planatum Cushman & Thomas. x35.
19, 20—Nonion ecuadoranum Cushman & Stainforth, n. sp. x35. 19, Paratype; 20, holotype; a, side view; b, peripheral view.
21, 24—Nonionella hantkeni (Cushman & Applin), vars. x35. 21a, Dorsal view; b, peripheral view.
22—Sigmomorphina trinitatensis Cushman & Ozawa. x25.
23—Gümbelina venezuelana Nuttall. x35.
25—Plectofrondicularia cookei Cushman. x35.
26—Plectofrondicularia packardi var. multilineata Cushman & Simonson. x35.
27—Plectofrondicularia vaughani Cushman. x35.
28, 29—Plectofrondicularia dentifera Cushman & Stainforth. x33. 28, Paratype; 29, holotype.
30, 31—Bolivinopsis pulchella Cushman & Stainforth. x33. 30, Paratype; 31, holotype.
32—Nodogenerina cf. rohri Cushman & Stainforth. x35.
33—Nodogenerina sp. x35.
34—Buliminella peruviana Cushman & Stone. x35.
35—Buliminella peruviana var. obesa Cushman & Stainforth, n. var. x35.
36—Buliminella chirana Cushman & Stone. x35.
37-39—Buliminellita mirifica Cushman & Stainforth. x33. 37, 38, Paratypes; 39, holotype.
40, 41—Bulimina affectata Cushman & Stainforth, n. sp. x35. 40, Holotype; 41, paratype.
42—Bulimina stalacta Cushman & Parker. x35.
43—Bulimina jacksonensis Cushman. x35.
44—Bulimina ovata d’Orbigny. x25.
45—Bulimina lineata Cushman & Stainforth. x33. a, Front view; b, apertural view.
46—Bulimina acutangularis Cushman & Stainforth. x33. a, Front view; b, apertural view.
47—Bulimina decurtata Cushman & Stainforth. x25.
48, 49—Bulimina secaensis Cushman & Stainforth. x25. 48, Paratype; 49, holotype.
50—Entosolenia orbignyana Seguenza. x35.
51—Entosolenia cf. marginata (Walker & Boys). x35.
52—Entosolenia cf. lucida Williamson. x35.
53—Bolivina basisenta Cushman & Stone. x35.
54—Bolivina maculata Cushman & Stone. x35.
55, 56—Bolivina jacksonensis Cushman & Applin. x35.
57—Bolivina alazanensis Cushman. x35.
58—Loxostomum dalli (Cushman). x35.
59—Uvigerina mantaensis Cushman & Edwards. x35.
60—Uvigerina chirana Cushman & Stone. x35.
61—Uvigerina yazooensis Cushman. x35.
62—Pleurostomella obesa Cushman & Bermudez. x35. a, Front view; b, side view.
63—Pleurostomella cf. acuta Hantken. x35.
64—Pleurostomella ecuadorana Cushman & Stainforth, n. sp. x35. a, Front view; b, side view.
65—Ellipsonodosaria nuttalli var. gracillima Cushman & Jarvis. x35.
66—Ellipsonodosaria curvatura Cushman. x35.
67—Ellipsonodosaria decurta Bermudez. x35.
PLATE 27
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 27
Fig. 1—Ellipsonodosaria curvatura Cushman var. A. x35.
2—Ellipsonodosaria curvatura var. spinea Cushman. x25.
3, 4—Ellipsonodosaria verneuilii (d’Orbigny). x35.
5, 6—Ellipsonodosaria ? sp. x35.
7—Ellipsonodosaria sp. A. x35.
8—Ellipsonodosaria sp. B. x35.
9—Ellipsoglandulina labiata (Schwager). x35.
10—Parafissurina cf. ventricosa (Silvestri). x35.
11—Spirillina sp. x35.
12, 13—Valvulineria texana Cushman & Ellisor. x35. 12, Ventral view; 13, dorsal view.
14, 15—Discorbis samanica (Berry). x35. 14, Ventral view; 15, dorsal view.
16, 17—Valvulineria samanica (Berry). x35. 16, Dorsal view; 17, ventral view.
18—Valvulineria peruviana var. discrepans Cushman & Stainforth, n. var. x35. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view.
19—Valvulineria eocenica Cushman & Stainforth, n. sp. x25. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view.
20, 21—Gyroidina soldanii var. octocamerata Cushman & Hanna. x35. 20, Ventral view; 21, dorsal view.
22, 23—Gyroidina orbicularis var. planata Cushman. x25. 22, Ventral view; 23, dorsal view;
24—Gyroidina girardana (Reuss). x25. a, Dorsal view; b, peripheral view.
25—Gyroidina chirana Cushman & Stone. x35. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view.
26, 27—Gyroidina scalata Garrett. x35. 26, Dorsal view; 27, ventral view.
28, 29—Eponides umbonatus (Reuss). x35. 28, Ventral view; 29, dorsal view.
30—Eponides minimus Cushman. x35. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view.
31—Eponides cocoaensis Cushman. x35. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view.
32, 33—Epistomina eocenica Cushman & Hanna. x25. 32, Ventral view; 33 dorsal view.
34, 35—Asterigerina crassaformis Cushman & Siegfus. x35. 34a, Dorsal view; b, peripheral view; 35, ventral view.
36-40—Helicostegina elliotti (Cushman &
Stainforth). x17. 36, Ventral
view showing labyrinthic chambers; 37, peripheral view showing conical ventral side, 38, holotype, slightly eroded specimen showing
arrangement of chambers on dorsal side; 39, transverse section of the dorsal portion; 40, transverse section of labyrinthic ventral portion.
PLATE 28
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 28
Fig. 1—Chilostomelloides oviformis (Sherborn & Chapman). x35.
2—Allomorphina trigona Reuss. x35.
3—Pullenia duplicata Stainforth. x35. a, Side view; b, peripheral view.
4—Pullenia quinqueloba var. angusta Cushman & Todd. x35. a, Side view; b, peripheral view.
5—Pullenia quadriloba Reuss. x35. a, Side view; b, peripheral view.
6—Anomalina alazanensis var. spissiformis Cushman & Stainforth. x35.
7, 8—Anomalina chirana Cushman & Stone. x35. 7, Ventral view; 8, dorsal view.
9—Hantkenina alabamensis Cushman. x35.
10, 11—Planulina mexicana Cushman. x35.
12—Planulina cocoaensis var. cooperensis Cushman. x35. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view.
13—Planulina chirana Cushman & Stone. x35. Dorsal view.
14—Planulina crenulata Cushman & Stone. x35. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view.
15—Cibicides cf. mississippiensis (Cushman). x35. Dorsal view.
16, 17—Cibicides mississippiensis var. ocalanus Cushman. x35. 16, Peripheral view 17, ventral view.
18, 19—Anomalina subbadenensis Pijpers. x25. 18, Dorsal view; 19, ventral view.
20, 21, 25—Cibicides cookei Cushman & Garrett. 20, 21, x25. 20, Ventral view; 21, dorsal view. 25, x35. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view.
22, 23—Cibicides cooperensis Cushman. x35. 22, Dorsal view; 23, ventral view.
24—Cibicides americanus var. antiquus (Cushman & Applin). x35. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view.
26—Cibicides cf. lobatulus (Walker & Jacob). x35. Dorsal view.
27—Cibicides cicatricosus (Schwager). x35. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view.
28—Gypsina cf. globula (Reuss). x25.
Beck, R. S., 1943, Eocene Foraminifera from Cowlitz River, Lewis County, Washington: Jour. Paleontology, vol. 17, pp. 584-614.
Berry, W., 1928, The smaller Foraminifera of the middle Lobitos shales of northwestern Peru: Eclogae geol. Helvetiae, vol. 21, pp. 390-405.
Cushman, J. A., 1930, Fossil species of Hastigerinella: Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 6, pp. 17-19.
—, 1946, A rich foraminiferal fauna from the Cocoa sand of Alabama: Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 16, pp. 3-40.
—, and Bermudez, P., 1949, Some Cuban species of Globorotalia: Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., vol. 25, pp. 26-45.
—, and Simonson, R. R., 1944, Foraminifera from the Tumey formation, Fresno County, California: Jour. Paleontology, vol. 18, pp. 186-203.
—, and Stainforth, R. M., 1945, The Foraminifera of the Cipero marl formation of Trinidad, British West Indies: Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 14, pp. 3-75.
—, and Stone, Benton, 1947, An Eocene foraminiferal fauna from the Chira shale of Peru: Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 20, pp. 1-27.
Stainforth, R. M., 1948, Applied micropaleontology in coastal Ecuador: Jour. Paleontology, vol. 22, pp. 113-151.
[1] At the time of his widely regretted death Dr. Cushman was working on the systematic description of foraminiferal faunas selected by the junior author as representative of the entire faunal succession in the Tertiaries of western Ecuador. The original intention was to publish the results as a single paper, but it now becomes expedient to issue this first part, dealing only with the Eocene faunas, and to defer publication of a second part on the Oligo-Miocene faunas until arrangements can be made for completion of Dr. Cushman’s unfinished studies. The stratigraphic introduction, as well as the maps and stratigraphic chart, will be applicable to the entire paper. Cordial thanks are here expressed to Miss Ruth Todd and Miss Rita Johnson for much assistance in picking and mounting the Foraminifera and in the preparation of the text and plates. Grateful acknowledgment is also made to the International Petroleum Company for permitting publication of this paper.
[2] The microfaunas of the neritic facies of the Seca and Jusá formations (units 5 and 5a) are practically identical, and in the systematic part of this paper only the Jusá Foraminifera are described and figured, because of their better preservation. The Punta Mambra outcrops may be regarded as a subsidiary type locality of the upper Eocene neritic facies, being more readily accessible than the type outcrops of the Jusá but not providing such excellently preserved foraminiferal faunas.