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Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research

Special Publication No. 14

THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE CIPERO MARL FORMATION OF TRINIDAD, BRITISH WEST INDIES

by
Joseph A. Cushman and R. M. Stainforth

April 21, 1945


This volume is dedicated to Dr. Hans G. Kugler in recognition of his valuable contributions and constant stimulus to geological research in Trinidad and nearby countries.


The faunas described in this paper come from the Cipero marl formation. This formation consists of light-colored marls and is the dominant Oligocene unit in Trinidad. With local intercalations of clay and sand (St. Croix formation), it exists as a belt crossing the island from east to west between the Central and Southern Ranges. (NOTE: In Trinidad usage, the term marl denotes massive, uniform, clay sediments containing some 20 to 50 percent of free calcium carbonate, usually mostly in the form of microfossils.)

The authors gratefully acknowledge their debt to Dr. H. H. Suter, chief geologist of Trinidad Leaseholds Ltd., for allowing free use of the facilities of the Geological Laboratory at Pointe-a-Pierre; to Dr. H. H. Renz for helpful discussions and technical assistance; and to Dr. H. G. Kugler, to whom this volume is dedicated, for a generous donation towards the cost of printing.

The types and figured specimens, as well as a complete series of the species noted in this paper, are deposited in the collections of the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research at Sharon, Massachusetts.

STRATIGRAPHIC INTRODUCTION

Type Section The Cipero formation is best exposed south of San Fernando between the point at which the Trinidad Government railway turns inland and the mouth of the Cipero River. In the low cliffs of this section of the coast the whole formation, except its topmost beds, is readily available for study, presenting a thickness of some 2500 to 3000 feet. Faunal analysis of a closely-spaced series of samples has shown that the light-colored marls are divisible into three foraminiferal zones, disregarding the layer of dark grey or black, glauconitic, partly orbitoidal, marly “Bamboo Clay” in the northern part of the section.

Type Samples From each zone a suitable sample from the first traverse was designated as type sample, of which a further 10 to 20 lbs. of marl was collected for detailed foraminiferal analysis. The three faunules thus obtained are the basis of the present study and the three type samples are:

Zone I. Lower (Globigerina concinna) zone.

Rz.90. Trinidad Leaseholds Catalogue No. 21721. Trinidad Government Cadastral co-ordinates: N 230,620 links, E 354,950 links. Situated in the base of the cliff 375 feet southwards from the 35‑1/2 mile-post on the railway, stratigraphically 80 feet below the “Bamboo Clay.”

Zone II. Middle (Globigerinatella insueta) zone.

Rz.108. Trinidad Leaseholds Catalogue No. 21743. Trinidad Government Cadastral co-ordinates: N 229,450 links, E 354,250 links. Situated on the “Cipero nose,” stratigraphically some 350 feet above the rich orbitoidal bed in the “Bamboo Clay” to the north.

Zone III. Upper (Globorotalia fohsi) zone.

Rz.425. Trinidad Leaseholds Catalogue No. 61418. Trinidad Government Cadastral co-ordinates: N 228,300 links, E 353,600 links. Situated at the base of the cliff in the southern (N‑dipping) limb of the syncline at the type section in the base of the cliff 120 feet northeastward from the boundary between, the upper and middle zones, 880 feet in a straight line southwestward from Rz.108.

Faunal Notes The fact that the faunal assemblage of each zone is uniform, the only major faunistic breaks occurring at zonal boundaries, justifies definition on the basis of single samples especially as there is some imbrication at the type section. The principal features of the three faunas are as follows:

Zone I. Lower (Globigerina concinna) zone. This fauna shows a broad similarity to that of the underlying Hospital Hill marl but lacks such characteristic upper Eocene species as Bulimina jacksonensis Cushman, Hantkenina spp., etc. Species present here but absent in the higher zones include

Buliminella grata Parker and Bermudez

Cassidulina chipolensis Cushman and Ponton

Cassidulina cf. crassa d’Orbigny

Cassidulinoides bradyi (Norman)

Discorbis ciperensis Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp.

Entosolenia flintiana (Cushman), var. plicatura Cushman and Stainforth, n. var.

Entosolenia laevigata (Reuss)

Entosolenia cf. marginata (Walker and Boys)

Entosolenia orbignyana (Seguenza), var. clathrata (H. B. Brady)

Globigerina cf. concinna Reuss

Globigerina dissimilis Cushman and. Bermudez

Hormosina glabra Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp.

Hyperammina cf. elongata H. B. Brady

Lagena cf. laevis (Montagu)

Lagena tetragona Parker and Jones

Lagena ciperensis Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp.

Pleurostomella nuttalli Cushman and Siegfus

Rectogümbelina inopinata Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp.

Schenckiella petrosa (Cushman and Bermudez)

Uvigerina capayana Hedberg

Uvigerina ciperana Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp.

Uvigerina spinicostata Cushman and Jarvis

Vulvulina jarvisi Cushman

“Bamboo Clay” This is best regarded as a tongue of the San Fernando formation, which it resembles in lithological and fauna facies. Due to different facies the fauna is quite different from those of the Cipero marls, the “Bamboo Clay” containing such species as Cerato-bulimina evoluta Cushman and Jarvis, Ammospirata mexicana (Cushman), Vaginulina elegans d’Orbigny, var. mexicana Nuttall, as well as orbitoids.

Zones II and III. Middle (Globigerinatella insueta) and Upper (Globorotalia fohsi) zones. These two zones contain very similar rich faunas, almost the only difference being an abundance of Globorotalia fohsi Cushman and Ellisor and Globorotalia canariensis (d’Orbigny) in the upper zone. Both contain many species absent in the lower zone, including

Anomalina subbadenensis Pijpers

Bolivina beyrichi Reuss

Bulimina tuxpamensis Cole

Cassidulina spinifera Cushman and Jarvis

Chrysalogonium brevioculum Cushman and Jarvis

Chrysalogonium elongatum Cushman and Jarvis

Ellipsonodosaria annulifera Cushman and Bermudez

Ellipsonodosaria mappa Cushman and Jarvis

Entosolenia longispina (H. B. Brady)

Gaudryina flintii Cushman

Glandulina cf. laevigata d’Orbigny

Globigerina cf. digitata H. B. Brady

Globigerinoides conglobata (H. B. Brady)

Globigerinoides rubra (d’Orbigny)

Globigerinoides sacculifera (H. B. Brady)

Globorotalia praemenardii Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp.

Guttulina byramensis (Cushman)

Guttulina jarvisi Cushman and Ozawa

Guttulina lehneri Cushman and Ozawa

Lagena crenata Parker and Jones, var. capistrata Cushman and Stainforth, n. var.

Lagena nuttalli Galloway and Heminway

Lagena pulcherrima Cushman and Jarvis

Planulina marialana Hadley

Planulina cf. wuellerstorfi (Schwager)

Plectofrondicularia mexicana Cushman

Plectofrondicularia morreyae Cushman

Saracenaria cf. acutauricularis (Fitchel and Moll)

Schenckiella suteri Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp.

Sigmomorphina trinitatensis Cushman and Ozawa

Siphogenerina basispinata Cushman and Jarvis

Siphogenerina seriata Cushman and Jarvis

Textularia leuzingeri Cushman and Renz

Trifarina bradyi Cushman

Uvigerina auberiana d’Orbigny, var. attenuata Cushman and Renz

Uvigerina rustica Cushman and Edwards

Vulvulina guppyi Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp.

Ecologic Relationships of the Cipero Formation The abundance of Globigerina and related pelagic genera indicates that the area was close to the region of warm currents, such as our Gulf Stream, and probably the bottom conditions were not unlike those prevailing today off the coast of Trinidad and adjacent regions. The absence of such genera as Archaias and related forms of the imperforate group indicates that the deposit was made either at a considerable distance from shore or in water of more than 30 fathoms. The prevalence of such forms as Lagena, Nodosaria, and the Ellipsoidinidae would indicate a depth of probably more than 50 to 100 fathoms.

The fact that many species found in the Cipero formation are also known from the late Tertiary of the Indo-Pacific region is a point of interest. Dr. Vaughan found, many years ago, that the Oligocene corals of the West Indian and related regions, which became extinct at the end of the Oligocene, were now living, or at least related species of the same genera were living, in the Indo-Pacific. This is probably true in other groups. The relationships to the Oligocene, Eocene, and Miocene faunas are noted in the distribution notes given under the various species.

Age of the Cipero Formation In foraminiferal literature a number of species from the Cipero section have been described. Nuttall (2) did not give locality details, but there are many Cipero forms in his list of species from the “Marl and Green Clays,” which he grouped with other units as Oligocene-Miocene. Cushman and collaborators (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12) gave more precise details of locality and stratigraphy in describing material collected at the Cipero type section by the late P. W. Jarvis. Species from Zone I were described as from the Eocene “Lower Marl” of the Cipero Section, Station 10. The dark-colored beds between Zones I and II were designated the “Bamboo Clay” of the Cipero Section, Station 11, and usually diagnosed as Eocene, probably by confusion with the San Fernando formation at Point Bontour. For convenience the term “Bamboo Clay” has been retained in this paper, though it is really unsuitable for formal stratigraphic nomenclature. One species (Cassidulina spinifera Cushman and Jarvis) was described from the “Upper Marl” of the Cipero Section, and is probably from Jarvis Station 12, equivalent to our Zone II. Numerous species from the “Green Clay,” variously described as Miocene, lower Miocene, and lower middle Miocene, came from Zones II and III; where specifically mentioned, Jarvis Stations 13 and 14 indicate Zones III and II respectively.

The above age determinations have been modified as a result of later work, in particular, specialized studies of larger foraminifera and mollusks. A summary of present views on the age of the Cipero formation follows.



Zone I. Lower (Globigerina concinna) zone. Marls of this zone rest conformably on either the Hospital Hill marl or glauconitic orbitoidal marl of the San Fernando formation. The Hospital Hill marl is upper Eocene, typified by the presence of Hantkenina alabamensis Cushman, var. primitiva Cushman and Jarvis and, more rarely, Bulimina jacksonensis Cushman. These and other typical upper Eocene species do not range up into Zone I. On this evidence the basal marls of Zone I are probably lower Oligocene. A late upper Eocene age is not excluded, however, as in the shallower water facies of the San Fernando formation Hantkeninas became extinct before the end of the Eocene epoch judged by the distribution of larger foraminifera.

At Point Bontour and Vista Bella, marls of Zone I rest conformably on orbitoidal beds of the San Fernando formation. Until recently the whole San Fernando formation was regarded as upper Eocene, but B. Caudri, in private reports prepared for Trinidad Leaseholds Ltd., has shown that the upper Eocene larger foraminifera do not reach the top of the formation, e. g.

Operculinoides ocalanus (Cushman)

Operculinoides soldadensis Vaughan and Cole

Operculinoides kugleri Vaughan and Cole

Asterocyclina asterodisca (Guppy)

Operculinoides semmesi Vaughan and Cole, var. ciperensis Vaughan and Cole

Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) supera (Conrad)

Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) yurnagunensis Cushman, var. morganopsis Vaughan

Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) favosa Cushman

Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) gigas Cushman

Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) undosa Cushman.

These topmost beds of the San Fernando formation are thus shown to represent the base of the Oligocene. The conformably overlying marls, low down in Zone I, are therefore placed in the lower Oligocene. It should be noted, however, that deeper marls of Zone I are laterally equivalent in age to an undetermined thickness at the top of the San Fernando formation, and a topmost Eocene age for the base of the zone is not disproven.

The age of the top of the zone is established as not younger than middle Oligocene by the fossil content of the “Bamboo Clay” which separates Zones I and II at the type section. From this bed Vaughan and Cole (10) determined the following larger foraminifera:

Operculinoides semmesi Vaughan and Cole, var. ciperensis Vaughan and Cole

Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) supera (Conrad)

Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) yurnagunensis Cushman

Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) yurnagunensis Cushman, var. morganopsis Vaughan

Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) favosa Cushman

Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) undosa Cushman

Vaughan and Cole treated the Oligocene of Trinidad as a whole and determined the material they examined as upper rather than lower Oligocene. As this determination included numerous limestones known to be younger than the “Bamboo Clay,” a middle Oligocene age for the latter is not excluded. In particular, Lepidocyclina favosa Cushman and L. undosa Cushman are described as common and widely distributed in the middle Oligocene of the Caribbean region. In manuscript reports, B. Caudri has recorded the following additional species from the “Bamboo Clay,” for which she deduced a middle Oligocene age:

Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) subglobosa Nuttall

Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) parvula Cushman

Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) aff. cannellei Lemoine and R. Douvillé

Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) waylandvaughani Cole

Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) gigas Cushman, var. duncanensis Cole

R. Rutsch, in unpublished reports (11) prepared for Trinidad Leaseholds Ltd., has described the mollusk faunas of the “Bamboo Clay.” He lists

Acila (Truncacila?) “schomburgki (Forbes)”

Limopsis (Pectunulina) subangularis frischknechti Rutsch

Propeamussium (Parvamussium) bronni pennyi (Harris)

Dentalium (Antalis) aff. mississippiense Conrad

Cadulus caronensis Mansfield?

Clio (Hyalocyclis?) aff. maxima (Ludwig)

Turritella aff. altilira Conrad

In 1892 Guppy (1) described the Alley Creek shell bed about half a mile south of the Cipero River mouth, but the outcrop seems to have been obscured in recent years. Marls at the locality indicated yield a Zone I foraminiferal fauna (Samples Rz.141, 142, Trinidad Leaseholds Ltd.). The recorded mollusks are partly endemic and do not assist in an age determination. They are

Carinaria caperata Guppy

Anomia umbonata Guppy

Dentalium cf. sexangulum. Schr., and indeterminate forms.

From the available evidence it is apparent that Zone I represents the lower Oligocene but might include the topmost Eocene at its base and some middle Oligocene in its upper half.

Zones II and III. Middle (Globigerinatella insueta) and Upper (Globorotalia fohsi) zones. From their position above the “Bamboo Clay” these two zones are clearly not older than middle Oligocene. Globorotalia fohsi Cushman and Ellisor is an Oligocene marker in the Agua Salada group of Venezuela (fide Renz, unpublished manuscript) and probably also in the Brasso formation of Trinidad. Various limestone lenticles in southern Trinidad, which are laterally equivalent to parts of Zones II and III, yield larger foraminifera, mollusks, echinoids, etc. which have been determined by specialists (10, 11) as upper Oligocene for the most part and in one case (Meijas) middle Oligocene.

Mollusks have been found in the marls of Zone III at Freeman’s Bay, three or four miles south of the Cipero type section, where marlstone concretions contain an unusual mollusk fauna which has been listed as follows in an unpublished report (11) by R. Rutsch.

Pleurophopsis unioides Van Winkle

Thyasira addocasa Van Winkle

Myrtea? cookei Olsson?

Lucina? lomitensis Olsson?

Solariella? godineauensis Van Winkle

and indeterminate forms.

By tentative correlation with the Heath formation and Lomitos cherts of Peru, Rutsch gives a provisional age determination of upper Oligocene.

On the foregoing evidence we may state that Zone II is of middle to upper Oligocene age and Zone III probably upper Oligocene.

Radiolarian Beds Certain beds of the Cipero formation are noticeably rich in radiolaria and correspondingly poor in foraminifera. The best known developments occur in the upper part of Zone II, e. g. at Retrench Quarry and in the southern part of the Cipero section. Their lateral extent is limited and their value in zonation is therefore slight.

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS

Family ASTRORHIZIDAE

Genus ASTRORHIZA Sandahl, 1858

ASTRORHIZA cf. VERMIFORMIS Goës (Pl. 1, figs. 1, 2)

A few fragmentary specimens from Zones I and III may belong to this species. The form is irregular and somewhat similar to Recent material.

Genus RHABDAMMINA M. Sars, 1869

RHABDAMMINA DISCRETA H. B. Brady (Pl. 1, fig. 3)

Specimens from all three zones evidently belong to this species. They show no sign of any branching and are rather coarsely arenaceous, and not much distorted in fossilization.

Family RHIZAMMINIDAE

Genus RHIZAMMINA H. B. Brady, 1879

RHIZAMMINA INDIVISA H. B. Brady (Pl. 1, fig. 4)

A few specimens from Zone I have the surface of the tubular test largely made up of small Globigerinas and appear very much like Recent specimens of this species.

Family SACCAMMINIDAE

Genus SACCAMMINA M. Sars, 1869

SACCAMMINA SPHAERICA H. Sars (Pl. 1, fig. 5)

The single-chambered specimen figured may be placed under this species. It is compressed in fossilization but otherwise seems typical.

Family HYPERAMMINIDAE

Genus HYPERAMMINA H. B. Brady, 1878

HYPERAMMINA cf. ELONGATA H. B. Brady (Pl. 1, figs. 6, 7)

Specimens from Zone I show a large proloculum much compressed, and a tubular second chamber, probably much longer in the original state. They seem nearest to this species.

Family REOPHACIDAE

Genus HORMOSINA H. B. Brady, 1879

HORMOSINA GLOBULIFERA H. B. Brady (Pl. 1, fig. 8)

Although much compressed in fossilization, the specimen figured and others from Zone I seem identical with this species. The chambers evidently were originally spherical and increased rapidly in size as in Recent specimens.

HORMOSINA GLABRA Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. (Pl. 1, fig. 9)

Test elongate, gradually tapering; chambers about six in number, slightly inflated, increasing very gradually in size as added; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall smooth, polished, very finely arenaceous with a large proportion of cement; aperture terminal, circular, without a neck. Length 1.90-2.15 mm.; diameter 0.65-0.70 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43312) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone I, Sample Rz.90, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I.

This species differs from H. globulifera H. B. Brady in its more numerous chambers, very gradual increase in size of the chambers, and the smooth, polished surface.

Family AMMODISCIDAE

Genus AMMODISCUS Reuss, 1861

AMMODISCUS cf. INCERTUS (d’Orbigny) (Pl. 1, figs. 10, 11)

Both microspheric and megalospheric forms occur. They resemble this species and are not sufficiently different to warrant a varietal name. The early stages, when wet, appear much like those of A. glabratus Cushman and Jarvis but the later portion is different. It occurs in all three zones.

Genus GLOMOSPIRA Rzehak, 1888

GLOMOSPIRA CHAROIDES (Jones and Parker) (Pl. 1, figs. 12, 13)

This species, according to the numerous records, has a wide range from Lower Cretaceous to Recent, but figures are not given for many of the records. Fossil specimens are usually compressed or contorted in fossilization as the chitinous wall is somewhat flexible. Specimens occur in all three zones.

Genus AMMOVERTELLA Cushman, 1928

AMMOVERTELLA RETRORSA Cushman and Stainforth. n. sp. (Pl. 1, fig. 15)

Test with proloculum followed by a long, tubular, second chamber, irregularly planispiral in the early stages, later more irregular and bending back and forth forming a group of coils, in the later part extending outward and then back to the center of the main mass; wall finely arenaceous, fairly smooth; aperture small, at the end of the tube. Length of holotype, 1.55 mm.; breadth 1.00 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43317) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone I, Sample Rz.90, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. Somewhat similar forms occur in the other two zones.

The species differs from A. inclusa (Cushman and Waters) in the more definite, although very irregular, coiling, the more elongate test, and the last-formed portion extending out and bending back over the earlier part.

Genus AMMOLAGENA Eimer and Fickert, 1899

AMMOLAGENA CLAVATA (Parker and Jones) (Pl. 1, fig. 14)

Rather typical specimens of this species occur attached to various objects. Although recorded from the Cretaceous and Recent, there seem to be no previous records from the Tertiary. Specimens occur in all three zones.

Family LITUOLIDAE

Genus TROCHAMMINOIDES Cushman, 1910

TROCHAMMINOIDES cf. IRREGULARIS White (Pl. 1, fig. 16)

Specimens similar to that figured occur in all three zones. They resemble the form figured by White from the Cretaceous of Mexico.

Genus HAPLOPHRAGMOIDES Cushman, 1910

HAPLOPHRAGMOIDES SCITULUM (H. B. Brady)

A few specimens from all three zones closely resemble this species. A few of them are only slightly distorted. Nuttall has recorded this species with some question from the Tertiary of Trinidad (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 84, 1928, p. 71).

HAPLOPHRAGMOIDES CARINATUM Cushman and Renz (Pl. 1, fig. 18)

Haplophragmoides carinatum Cushman and Renz, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 17, 1941, p. 2, pl. 1, fig. 1.

Specimens from Zones I and III seem close to this species described from the Agua Salada formation of Venezuela.

There are a few larger specimens, possibly belonging to this genus, but they are too much distorted to try to place specifically.

Genus CYCLAMMINA H. B. Brady, 1876

CYCLAMMINA CANCELLATA H. B. Brady (Pl. 1, fig. 17)

Rather typical specimens occur in Zone III and less well preserved ones in Zone II. The species has been recorded as a fossil through most of the American Tertiary, especially from the West Indies and South America.

Family TEXTULARIIDAE

Genus TEXTULARIA Defrance, 1824

TEXTULARIA LEUZINGERI Cushman and Benz (Pl. 1, figs. 19, 20)

Textularia leuzingeri Cushman and Renz, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 17, 1941, p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 2.

Very typical specimens occur in Zones II and III. The species was described from the Agua Salada formation of Venezuela.

Genus VULVULINA d’Orbigny, 1826

VULVULINA SPINOSA Cushman (Pl. 1, fig. 28)

Vulvulina spinosa Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 3, 1927, p. 111, pl. 23, fig. 1; Journ. Pal., vol. 1, 1927, p. 149, pl. 28, fig. 4; Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 8, 1932, p. 79, pl. 10, fig. 15. —Nuttall, Journ. Pal., vol. 9, 1935, p. 123, pl. 14, fig. 6. —Coryell and Embich, l. c., vol. 11, 1937, p. 295, pl. 41, fig. 9.

Rather typical specimens of this species, described from the Alazan clay of Mexico, occur in all three zones. It is recorded also from the Eocene of Mexico, Panama, and Venezuela.

VULVULINA JARVISI Cushman (Pl. 1, fig. 27)

Vulvulina jarvisi Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 8, 1932, p. 84, pl. 10, fig. 20. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1938, p. 26.

This species was described from the Eocene of Hospital Hill, Trinidad. Our specimens, when compared with the type series, seem identical. They are from Zone I.

VULVULINA GUPPYI Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. (Pl. 1, figs. 21, 22)

Test small for the genus, elongate, sides nearly parallel in the adult, early portion with the periphery with a short spine on each chamber, slightly carinate throughout, spiral portion conspicuous, biserial portion with about two pairs of chambers, and the adult with usually two uniserial ones; chambers distinct, not inflated; sutures distinctly thickened but not raised; wall smooth and polished; aperture terminal, elongate, very narrow, with a thickened border. Length 0.80-1.10 mm.; breadth 0.50-0.65 mm.; thickness 0.30-0.35 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43327) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone II, Sample Rz.108, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. It occurs also in Zone III.

This species differs from V. colei Cushman from the Eocene of Mexico in the more prominent coiled early portion and the spinose and keeled periphery.

This species is named for R. J. L. Guppy who first recognized and described foraminifera from the Cipero marls.

Family VERNEUILINIDAE

Genus GAUDRYINA d’Orbigny, 1839

GAUDRYINA FLINTII Cushman (Pl. 1, fig. 23)

Gaudryina subrotundata Flint (not Schwager, 1866) Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1897 (1899), p. 287, pl. 33, fig. 1.

Gaudryina flintii Cushman, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 2, 1911, p. 63, text fig. 102; Bull. 100, vol. 4, 1921, p. 146, pl. 29, fig. 1; Bull. 104, pt. 3, 1922, p. 69, pl. 12, figs. 1, 2. —Earland, Discovery Rep’ts, vol. 7, 1933, p. 99; vol. 10, 1934, p. 120. —Cushman, Special Publ. 7, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., 1937, p. 62, pl. 10, figs. 18-20. —Renz, Proc. 8th Amer. Sci. Congress, 1942, p. 548 (list).

Specimens from the Miocene and Oligocene of Trinidad appear to belong to this species. Dr. Flint’s specimens were from off Brazil. In the Cipero material it occurs in Zones II and III.

GAUDRYINA PSEUDOCOLLINSI Cushman and Stainforth. n. sp. (Pl. 2, figs. 1-3)

Test large for the genus, elongate, about 2‑1/2 times as long as broad, periphery rounded, sides in the adult nearly parallel, base subacute; chambers numerous, as many as 8 to 10 pairs in the adult, earlier ones indistinct, later ones inflated, increasing gradually in height in the later portion, earlier ones triserial, forming a rounded point at the base; sutures indistinct except in the later portion where they are depressed; wall distinctly arenaceous, surface roughened; aperture arched, at the inner margin of the last-formed chamber. Length 1.75-2.35 mm.; breadth 0.80-0.87 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43331) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone I, Sample Rz.90, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. Specimens occur in all three zones.

This species much resembles G. collinsi Cushman from the Miocene of Australia but differs in the early triserial portion which is greatly reduced and not triangular as in that species, and in the greater amount of inflation in the adult chambers.

Genus CLAVULINOIDES Cushman, 1936

CLAVULINOIDES EXCURRENS Cushman and Bermudez (Pl. 1, fig. 26)

Clavulinoides excurrens Cushman and Bermudez, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 13 1937, p. 3, pl. 1, figs. 14, 15. —Cushman, Special Publ. 7, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., 1937, p. 132, pl. 18, figs. 21, 22. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1938, p. 1.

The specimen figured from Zone III seems to be identical with this species known only from the Eocene of Cuba.

CLAVULINOIDES EUCARINATUS (Cushman and Bermudez (Pl. 1, figs. 24, 25)

Clavulinoides eucarinatus Cushman and Bermudez, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 13, 1937, p. 3, pl. 1, figs. 10, 11. —Cushman, Special Publ. 7, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., 1937, p. 131, pl. 18, figs. 23, 24. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1938, p. 1.

Specimens from Zone III were compared with types from the Eocene of Cuba and seem identical.

Family VALVULINIDAE

Genus VALVULINA d’Orbigny, 1826

VALVULINA FLEXILIS Cushman and Benz (Pl. 2 fig. 4)

Valvulina flexilis Cushman and Renz, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 17, 1941, p. 7, pl. 1, figs. 16, 17. A few specimens from Zones I and III are crushed much as are the types of this species from the Agua Salada formation of Venezuela.

They seem identical when compared with the types.

Genus DOROTHIA Plummer, 1931

Dorothia BREVIS Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. (Pl. 2, fig. 5)

Test nearly as broad as long, nearly circular in transverse section, very rapidly increasing in breadth, initial end acute, apertural end very broadly rounded; chambers few, biserial chambers starting very early, four or five pairs in the adult, very strongly overlapping, very rapidly increasing in size as added; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall very finely arenaceous with a large proportion of cement, smooth; aperture a low, elongate opening at the inner margin of the last-formed chamber, sometimes with a slight lip. Length 0.90-1.00 mm.; diameter 0.80-0.85 mm.

Holotype(Cushman Coll. No. 43338) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone I, Sample Rz.90, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. The species occurs in all three zones.

This is a very short, broad species somewhat resembling D. retusa (Cushman) from the Cretaceous of Trinidad, but with the chambers much more strongly overlapping and increasing more rapidly in breadth.

Genus KARRERIELLA Cushman, 1933

KARRERIELLA SUBCYLINDRICA (Nuttall) (Pl. 2, fig. 11)

Gaudryina subcylindrica Nuttall, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 84, 1928, p. 76, pl. 3, figs. 17, 18.

Karreriella subcylindrica Cushman, Special Publ. 8, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., 1937, p. 132, pl. 15, fig. 25. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1938, p. 14. —Coryell and Rivero, Journ. Pal., vol. 14, 1940, p. 326, pl. 43, fig. 1. —Renz, Proc. 8th Amer. Sci. Congress, 1942, p. 548 (list).

Nuttall described this species from Trinidad. It has also been recorded from the Eocene of Cuba and the Miocene of Haiti. Our figured specimen is one of a series from Zone III and seems to be typical. It occurs in all three zones.

KARRERIELLA MEXICANA (Nuttall) (Pl. 2, figs. 8, 9)

Verneuilina mexicana Nuttall, Journ. Pal., vol. 6, 1932, p. 6, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2.

Karreriella mexicana Cushman, Special Publ. 8, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., 1937, p. 130, pl. 15, figs. 13, 14. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1938, p. 14.

The types of this species are from the lower Oligocene of Mexico. Bermudez records it from the Eocene of Cuba. Specimens from all three zones seem identical, but the later chambers have a tendency to become biserial. The type specimen showed only the triserial stage as do most of the Trinidad specimens.

KARRERIELLA CHILOSTOMA (Reuss) (Pl. 2, figs. 6, 7)

(For references, see Cushman, Special Publ. 8, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., 1937, p. 126.)

This species is recorded from numerous localities in the middle Oligocene of Europe and shows a considerable amount of variation. When compared with topotypes and other European specimens, those from the Cipero material seem to be the same. It occurs in all three zones.

KARRERIELLA ALTICAMERA Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. (Pl. 2, fig. 10)

Test nearly twice as long as broad, rounded at the initial end, tapering gradually to the greatest breadth formed by the last two chambers, circular in transverse section; chambers few, three or four pairs in the adult biserial portion, nearly twice as high as broad in side view, only slightly overlapping, slightly inflated in the last portion, earlier ones indistinct; sutures distinct only in the last portion where they are slightly depressed; wall finely arenaceous with much cement, surface smooth and polished; aperture a long, narrow opening, somewhat above the base of the inner margin of the last-formed chamber, with a distinct, raised lip. Length 1.00-1.10 mm.; breadth 0.55-0.62 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43359) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. It also occurs in Zones I and II.

This species differs from K. chilostoma (Reuss) in the high chambers, very slightly overlapping and few in number, and in the circular form in section.

Genus SCHENCKIELLA Thalmann, 1942

SCHENCKIELLA PETROSA (Cushman and Bermudez) (Pl. 2, fig. 13)

Listerella petrosa Cushman and Bermudez, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 13, 1937, p. 5, pl. 1, figs. 24-26—Cushman, Special Publ. 8, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., 1937, p. 139, pl. 16, figs. 26-28. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1938, p. 15. —Palmer, 1. c., vol. 14, 1940, p. 124, pl. 18, fig. 1.

The types are from the Eocene of Cuba and it is also recorded from the Oligocene of Cuba. Very typical specimens occur in Zone I.

SCHENCKIELLA SUTERI Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. (Pl. 2, fig. 26)

Test elongate, about 3 or more times as long as broad, the early portion broadest, the adult uniserial portion cylindrical and somewhat narrower; chambers of the early portion indistinct, uniserial ones 5 or 6 in number, slightly inflated toward the apertural end; sutures indistinct except between the last few chambers; wall coarsely arenaceous, but smoothly finished; aperture terminal, small, circular, with a short but distinct neck. Length 2.00-2.90 mm.; diameter 0.60-0.95 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43365) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone II, Sample Rz.108, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. It occurs in Zones II and III.

The species differs from S. petrosa (Cushman and Bermudez) in the smoothly finished test, larger size, larger early portion, and a more distinct neck.

This species is named for Dr. H. H. Suter, chief geologist of Trinidad Leaseholds Ltd., in recognition of his close interest in the present study.

Genus TRITAXILINA Cushman, 1911

TRITAXILINA mexicana Cushman (Pl. 2, fig. 12)

Tritaxilina mexicana Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 1, pt. 3, 1925, p. 64, pl. 10, fig. 4; Journ. Pal., vol. 1, 1927, p. 149. —Cole, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 14, no. 53, 1928, p. 207 (7), pl. 1, figs. 21, 22. —Cushman, Special Publ. 8, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., 1937, p. 155, pl. 18, figs. 6, 7. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1938, p. 24.

This species was described from the Oligocene, Alazan shales, of Mexico. It is also recorded from the Eocene of Mexico and Cuba. It occurs in all three zones of the Cipero section.

Family MILIOLIDAE

Genus QUINQUELOCULINA d’Orbigny, 1826

QUINQUELOCULINA cf. LAMARCKIANA d’Orbigny (Pl. 2, fig. 14)

A few small specimens from all three zones have the general characters of this species but are much smaller than the specimens usually found in the American Oligocene.

Genus SPIROLOCULINA d’Orbigny, 1826

SPIROLOCULINA ALVEATA Cushman and Todd (Pl. 2, figs. 15-17)

Spiroloculina alveata Cushman and Todd, Special Publ. 11, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., 1944, p. 28, pl. 4, figs. 29, 30.

Spiroloculina limbata Cushman (not d’Orbigny), Bull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1918, p. 72, pl. 31, fig. 2.

Spiroloculina depressa (?) Cushman and Jarvis (not d’Orbigny), Journ. Pal., vol. 4, 1930, p. 356, pl. 32, fig. 6. —Cushman, Bull. 4, Florida State Geol. Survey, 1930, p. 21, pl. 3, fig. 2. —Cushman and Ponton, 1. c., Bull. 9, 1932, p. 49. —Cushman and Cahill, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 175-A, 1933, p. 10, pl. 2, fig. 7.

This species has already been recorded from the Tertiary of Trinidad. The types are from the Bowden marl of Jamaica and it occurs in the Miocene of Florida. The three figured specimens show the range in variation and the difference in surface appearance in worn and uneroded specimens. The species occurs in all three zones.

Genus SIGMOILINA Schlumberger, 1887

SIGMOILINA SCHLUMBERGERI A. Silvestri (Pl. 2, fig. 20)

Typical specimens occur in material from Zones II and III. The records range from Recent to Oligocene, the latter being from Cuba.

SIGMOILINA TENUIS (Czjzek) (Pl. 2, fig. 19)

Typical specimens occur in all three zones. It is recorded from the Oligocene of Mexico, Venezuela, and Cuba and from the Miocene to Recent from many regions. Both this and the preceding species are found living in fairly deep water.

Genus TRILOCULINA d’Orbigny, 1826

TRILOCULINA TRIGONULA (Lamarck) (Pl. 2, fig. 18)

A few specimens from Zones II and III may be referred to this widely distributed species. Less typical specimens occur in Zone I.

Genus PYRGO Defrance, 1824

PYRGO MURRHINA (Schwager) (Pl. 2, fig. 22)

A few rather typical specimens of this comparatively deep-water form occur in Zones II and III. It has not previously been recorded from the Oligocene of this region, although known from the Miocene of Jamaica and Haiti.

PYRGO cf. INORNATA (d’Orbigny) (Pl. 2, fig. 21)

Rare specimens from Zones I and III are similar to those recorded from the Oligocene of the United States and Porto Rico.

Family LAGENIDAE

Genus ROBULUS Montfort, 1808

ROBULUS CLERICII (Fornasini) (Pl. 2, fig. 23)

Cristellaria clericii Fornasini, “Cristellaria clericii, n. sp.”, Bologna, 1895, text fig.; Mem. Accad. Sci. Istit. Bologna, ser. 5, vol. 9, 1901, p. 65, text fig. 17. —Nuttall, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 84, 1928, p. 87, pl. 5, fig. 10.

Robulus clericii Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929, p. 84, pl. 12, figs. 16, 17. —Howe and Wallace, Louisiana Geol. Bull. No. 2, 1932, p. 38, pl. 15, fig. 3. —Hedberg, Journ. Pal., vol. 11, 1937, p. 669. —Coryell and Rivero, 1. c., vol. 14, 1940, p. 332, pl. 43, fig. 7. —Renz, Proc. 8th Amer. Sci. Congress, 1942, pp. 554, 557 (lists). —Franklin, Journ. Pal., vol. 18, 1944, p. 309, pl. 45, fig. 22.

Robulus duracina Galloway and Morrey (not Stache), Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 15, no. 55, 1929, p. 21, pl. 2, fig. 13.

The American records for this species include the upper Eocene of Louisiana; Oligocene of Venezuela and Trinidad; and Miocene of Trinidad, Ecuador, and Haiti. It may be distinguished from R. chambersi Garrett in the lack of a distinct, thin keel and in the larger number of chambers. Specimens are rare in Zones II and III.

ROBULUS cf. ALATO-LIMBATUS (Gümbel) (Pl. 2, fig. 24)

Specimens from Zone II resemble this species which is common in the upper Eocene of Europe and America and is also found in the’ Oligocene.

ROBULUS cf. SUBMAMILLIGERUS (Cushman) (Pl. 3, fig. 1)

A single specimen from Zone II may possibly belong to this species. In general appearance it suggests the form described by Mrs. Palmer as Planularia torrei (Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 14, no. 4, 1940, p. 277, pl. 51, figs. 5, 6) from the Oligocene of Cuba, but the sutures are quite different from those of the type figures, and the number of chambers less.

ROBULUS OCCIDENTALIS (Cushman), var. GLABRATUS (Cushman) (Pl. 3, fig. 2)

Cristellaria occidentalis Cushman, var. glabrata Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 103, pl. 25, fig. 3.

The figured specimen from Zone I is very similar to this variety found living in the North Atlantic.

ROBULUS OCCIDENTALIS (Cushman), var. TORRIDUS (Cushman) (Pl. 2, fig. 25)

Cristellaria occidentalis Cushman, var. torrida Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 1, 1923, p. 105, pl. 25, fig. 1.

Robulus occidentalis (Cushman), var. torridus Cushman and Jarvis, Journ. Pal., vol. 4, 1930, p. 357, pl. 32, fig. 8—Galloway and Heminway, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., vol. 3, pt. 4, 1941, p. 349, pl. 12, fig. 4. —Renz, Proc. 8th Amer. Sci. Congress, 1942, p. 554 (list).

A number of specimens from Zones II and III are quite similar to the types from Recent material from the Gulf of Mexico. It has been recorded as a fossil in the Miocene of Jamaica, Porto Rico, and Venezuela.

ROBULUS PLUMMERAE Cole (Pl. 3, figs. 3-5)

Robulus plummerae Cole, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 14, no. 53, 1928, p. 208 (8), pl. 3, fig. 10. —Galloway and Heminway, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., vol. 3, pt. 4, 1941, p. 350, pl. 12, fig. 9. —Goudkoff and Porter, Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol., vol. 26, 1942, p. 1654 (list).

This species was described from the Eocene, Chapapote formation of Mexico and has been recorded from the Ponce formation of Porto Rico and the Miocene of Costa Rica. The figured specimen from Zone II (fig. 3) seems identical. Specimens from Zone I also resemble this species. Our fig. 5 shows a young form very close indeed to the type figure given by Cole and also that of Galloway and Heminway. Fig. 4 is evidently an adult of the same form which tends to uncoil. A study of type material would be needed to determine whether these forms from Zone I are really identical with the Mexican species. The chambers are not as inflated as in the figured specimen from Zone II.

Genus MARGINULINA d’Orbigny, 1826

MARGINULINA SUBLITUUS (Nuttall) (Pl. 3, fig. 14)

Cristellaria sublituus Nuttall, Journ. Pal., vol. 6, 1932, p. 11, pl. 1, figs. 13, 14. —Palmer and Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1936, p. 256. —Bermudez, 1. c., vol. 12, 1938, p. 2.

Marginulina sublituus Hedberg, Journ. Pal., vol. 11, 1937, p. 170.

Astacolus sublituus Galloway and Heminway, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., vol. 3, pt. 4, 1941, p. 335, pl. 8, fig. 11.

Marginulina sp. Cushman and McGlamery, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 197-B, 1942, p. 67, pl. 4, figs. 6, 7.

The types of this species are from the Oligocene of Mexico. It has been widely recorded from the Oligocene of Venezuela, Cuba, Porto Rico, and Alabama. Our only specimen is from Zone III.

MARGINULINA SUBLITUUS (Nuttall), var. MULTICAMERATA Cushman and Stainforth, n. var. (Pl. 3, figs. 6, 7)

Variety differing from the typical in the much larger number of chambers, which are much lower than in the typical form.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43409) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I.

This variety occurs in all three zones and holds its characters very closely. It should make a good marker for this section of the Oligocene. This may be the form that Nuttall referred to “Cristellaria crepidula (Fichtel and Moll)” from the Oligocene of Mexico (Journ. Pal., vol. 6, 1932, p. 9, pl. 1, fig. 6) although he mentions the border as “round,” while our form is distinctly keeled.

MARGINULINA LAEVIUSCULA Cushman and Bermudez (Pl. 3, fig. 8)

Marginulina laeviuscula Cushman and Bermudez, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 13, 1937, p. 10, pl. 1, figs. 33, 34.

Very typical specimens of this species described from the Eocene of Cuba occur in all three zones.

MARGINULINA cf. ABBREVIATA Neugeboren (Pl. 3, fig. 9)

Specimens from Zones I and II have somewhat the shape and arrangement of the chambers of this species, but are very variable. A few from Zone III are possibly this species.

MARGINULINA cf. ASPERULIFORMIS (Nuttall) (Pl. 3, fig. 10)

Rare specimens from Zone I resemble this form in some respects, but more specimens are needed to confirm the identification.

MARGINULINA cf. PSEUDOHIRSUTA Nuttall (Pl. 3, fig. 13)

A very few specimens from Zone III resemble very closely the megalospheric form of this species described by Nuttall from the Alazan shales of Mexico (Journ. Pal., vol. 6, 1932, p. 13, pl. 3, figs. 1, 2). No microspheric specimens were found, however, and these may not be identical.

Genus DENTALINA d’Orbigny, 1826

DENTALINA cf. MUCRONATA Neugeboren (Pl. 3, figs. 11, 12)

Specimens from all three zones resemble this species which is very variable. It has been recorded from the Oligocene of Cuba.

DENTALINA HAVANENSIS Cushman and Bermudez (Pl. 3, fig. 13)

Dentalina havanensis Cushman and Bermudez, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 13, 1937, p. 11, pl. 1, figs. 39, 40. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1938, p. 3.

This species was described from the Eocene of Cuba. Specimens from all three zones of the Cipero section resemble the types, but, as usual in this group, there is a considerable amount of variation.

DENTALINA cf. COOPERENSIS Cushman (Pl. 3, fig. 14)

Our specimens from all three zones are very close to, if not identical with, this species described from the upper Eocene of the United States. It has been recorded by Palmer and Bermudez from the Oligocene of Cuba.

DENTALINA SEMILAEVIS Hantken (Pl. 3, figs. 15-17)

Dentalina semilaevis Hantken, Magyar kir. földt. int. evkön., vol. 4, 1875 (1876), p. 32, pl. 4, fig. 6; pl. 12, fig. 13. —Nuttall, Journ. Pal., vol. 6, 1932, p. 15, pl. 3, fig. 8. —Palmer and Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1936, p. 261. —Bermudez, l. c., vol. 12, 1938, p. 3. —Galloway and Heminway, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., vol. 3, pt. 4, 1941, p. 342, pl. 9, fig. 14. —Toulmin,  Journ. Pal., vol. 15, 1941, p. 587, pl. 79, fig. 20.

From the appearance of the figures, there may be some question as to all the above references being to the same species. Our specimens are very rare in all three zones and may possibly not be the same.

DENTALINA SOLUTA Reuss (Pl. 3, fig. 18)

Specimens referable to this species occur in all three zones of the Cipero formation but are rare.

Genus NODOSARIA Lamarck, 1812

NODOSARIA LONGISCATA d’Orbigny (Pl. 3, figs. 19-21)

Typical specimens occur in all three zones in considerable numbers.

As usual, the apertural characters are missing and there is a question as to the actual generic position of this species.

NODOSARIA LAMELLATA Cushman and Stainforth, new name (Pl. 3, figs. 23, 24)

Dentalina carinata Neugeboren (not d’Orbigny), Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 12, 1856, p. 91, pl. 4, fig. 17.

Nodosaria aff. carinata (Neugeboren) Nuttall, Journ. Pal., vol. 6, 1932, p. 16, pl. 3, fig. 11. —Franklin, 1. c., vol. 18, 1944, p. 311, pl. 46, fig. 7.

The high lamellate species given the name carinata by Neugeboren has been recorded from the lower Oligocene of Mexico and Venezuela in the above references. The name Dentalina carinata was used by d’Orbigny in 1826, based on Soldani’s figure which is a very peculiar one. Nodosaria carinata was used by Reeve in 1842 but his species is probably a Lingulina. A new name, therefore, must be given to this species. It occurs in Zones II and III. Both microspheric and megalospheric forms are figured. Similar specimens have been referred to Nodosaria acuminata Hantken, but the types of that species are very large and not at all the same.

NODOSARIA STAINFORTHI Cushman and Renz (Pl. 3, fig. 25)

Nodosaria stainforthi Cushman and Renz, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 17, 1941, p. 15, pl. 3, fig. 4. —Renz, Proc. 8th Amer. Sci. Congress, 1942, p. 556 (list).

This species, described from the Miocene of Venezuela and recorded from the Miocene of Trinidad, occurs in Zones II and III in typical form. The chambers are much shorter than those of the preceding species and the entire test much smaller.

NODOSARIA cf. PYRULA d’Orbigny (Pl. 3, fig. 22)

A single broken specimen from Zone III may be assigned to this species until more material is available.

Genus CHRYSALOGONIUM Schubert, 1907

CHRYSALOGONIUM LONGICOSTATUM Cushman and Jarvis (Pl. 3, fig. 26; pl. 16, fig. 2)

Chrysalogonium longicostatum Cushman and Jarvis, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 10, 1934, p. 74, pl. 10, fig. 12.

The types of this species are from Trinidad. Very typical specimens occur in all three zones.

CHRYSALOGONIUM TENUICOSTATUM Cushman and Bermudez (Pl. 3, fig. 28)

Chrysalogonium tenuicostatum Cushman and Bermudez, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 12, 1936, p. 27, pl. 5, figs. 3-5. —Palmer and Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1936, p. 273. —Bermudez, l. c., vol. 11, 1937, p. 344. —Toulmin, Journ. Pal., vol. 15, 1941, p. 589, pl. 79, fig. 33.

The types of this species are from the upper Eocene of Cuba and our specimens, when compared with them, seem identical. It has been recorded from the Oligocene of Cuba and the Wilcox Eocene of Alabama. It occurs in all three zones of the Cipero formation.

CHRYSALOGONIUM LANCEOLUM Cushman and Jarvis (Pl. 3, fig. 29; pl. 16, fig. 5)

Chrysalogonium lanceolum Cushman and Jarvis, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 10, 1934, p. 75, pl. 10, fig. 16. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 11, 1937, p. 344.

Very typical specimens of this species described from Trinidad occur in all three zones of the Cipero. It has been recorded from the Eocene of Cuba.

CHRYSALOGONIUM BREVILOCULUM Cushman and Jarvis (Pl. 3, fig. 27; pl. 16, fig. 1)

Chrysalogonium brevioculum Cushman and Jarvis, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 10, 1934, p. 74, pl. 10, fig. 13. —Palmer, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 14, 1940, p. 280.

This species, with the types from Trinidad, has also been recorded from the Oligocene of Cuba. Typical specimens occur in Zones II and III of the Cipero formation.

CHRYSALOGONIUM ELONGATUM Cushman and Jarvis (Pl. 3, fig. 30; pl. 16, figs. 3, 4)

Chrysalogonium elongatum Cushman and Jarvis, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 10, 1934, p. 73, pl. 10, figs. 10, 11. —Palmer and Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1936, p. 273, pl. 15, fig. 1. —Bermudez, l. c., vol. 11, 1937, p. 344.

This species was also described from Trinidad and has been recorded from both the Oligocene and Eocene of Cuba. There is much difference in the microspheric and megalospheric forms, as shown in our figures, but the adult chambers are alike. It occurs in all three zones of the Cipero.

CHRYSALOGONIUM CIPERENSE Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. (Pl. 3, fig. 31)

Test elongate, slender, very gradually tapering, initial end with a slight spine; chambers few, distinct, increasing rather rapidly in length but very gradually in diameter, adult ones about twice as long as broad, slightly inflated; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall unornamented, slightly roughened, matte; aperture somewhat projecting, consisting of numerous pores. Length up to 2.50 mm.; diameter 0.38-0.45, mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43474) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone I, Sample Rz.90, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. 1.

This species differs from C. elongatum Cushman and Jarvis in the slenderer test, less inflated and more elongate chambers, and less depressed sutures. It was found also in Zone III.

CHRYSALOGONIUM ASPERUM Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. (Pl. 16, figs. 11, 12)

Test elongate, the early portion tapering, adult portion of nearly uniform width; chambers distinct, inflated, earlier ones nearly as broad as long, gradually lengthening and in the adult more than twice as long as wide; sutures deeply depressed, especially in the adult portion; wall covered with short spines throughout; aperture a series of closely set rounded openings at the terminal end of the last-formed chamber. Length up to 5.00 mm.; diameter up to 0.75 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 44033) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone II, Sample Rz.108, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I.

This species is very similar to a form figured by Ten Dam as Chrysalogonium sp. (Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetenschappen, vol. 41, 1938, p. 994, text figs. 1, 1a) from the Oligocene of the Dutch East Indies. It differs from C. elongatum Cushman and Jarvis in the more tapering early portion, less depressed sutures in the adult, and the spinose surface.

Genus PSEUDOGLANDULINA Cushman, 1929

PSEUDOGLANDULINA OVATA (Cushman and Applin) (Pl. 4, fig. 1)

Specimens which seem to belong within the range of variation of this species occur in all three zones of the Cipero.

PSEUDOGLANDULINA cf. MANIFESTA (Reuss) (Pl. 4, fig. 2)

A single specimen from Zone II may be referred to this species with some question. It is much more elongate than the preceding.

PSEUDOGLANDULINA GALLOWAYI Cushman (Pl. 4, fig. 3)

Glandulina comata Galloway and Morrey (not Batsch), Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 15, no. 55, 1929, p. 13, pl. 1, fig. 7.

Pseudoglandulina gallowayi Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929, p. 87, pl. 13, fig. 13. —Cushman and Hobson, l. c., vol. 11, 1935, p. 59, pl. 8, fig. 17. —Renz, Proc. 8th. Amer. Sci. Congress, 1942, p. 557 (list).

Glandulina gallowayi Galloway and Heminway, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., vol. 3, pt. 4, 1941, p. 338, pl. 11, fig. 2.

This species, described from the Tertiary of Manta, Ecuador, occurs rarely in Zone III. There is a tendency for the base to be slightly spinose but this varies in different specimens. It is recorded from the Tertiary of California, Trinidad, and Porto Rico.

Genus SARACENARIA Defrance, 1824

SARACENARIA cf. SCHENCKI Cushman and Hobson (Pl. 4, fig. 4)

A single specimen from Zone II seems to be nearest to this species described from California but recorded also from the Oligocene of Cuba.

SARACENARIA cf. ACUTAURICULARIS (Fichtel and Moll) (Pl. 4, fig. 5)

The specimen figured and a very few others from Zones II and III somewhat resemble this species. The angles of the final chamber are somewhat variable.

SARACENARIA sp. (Pl. 4, fig 6)

The figured specimen from Zone II and a very young specimen from the same locality probably represent an undescribed species but more specimens are necessary to determine its full characters.

Genus VAGINULINA d’Orbigny, 1826

VAGINULINA cf. FABA Galloway and Heminway (Pl. 16, figs. 8, 9)

The two figured specimens from Zone I may be referred to this species described from the Ponce formation of Porto Rico (New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., vol. 3, pt. 4, 1941, p. 335, pl. 9, fig. 3). They resemble the type figure in some respects but without more specimens to give the full characters it must remain doubtful.

Genus LAGENA Walker and Jacob, 1798

LAGENA ACUTICOSTA Retina (Pl. 4, fig. 7)

Typical specimens of this long-ranging species occur rarely in Zone I.

LAGENA SEMICOSTATA Stoltz (Pl. 4, fig. 8)

Lagena apiculata Reuss, var. semicostata Stoltz, Notiz. Ver. für Erdkunde, vol. 5, 1925, p. 130, text fig.

Lagena semistriata Galloway and Morrey (not Williamson), Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 15, no. 55, 1929, p. 19, pl. 2, fig. 7.

The figured specimen from Zone I is almost exactly identical with Stoltz’s form described from the Oligocene of Germany. Williamson’s species has a very long neck and different form.

LAGENA ASPEROIDES Galloway and Morrey (Pl. 4, fig. 9)

Lagena aspera H. B. Brady (part) (not Reuss), Rep. Voy. Challenger Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 457, pl. 57, fig. 9 (8, 10?). —Cushman, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3 1913, p. 16, pl. 16, fig. 1. —Nuttall, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 84, 1928, p. 79, pl. 4, figs. 8, 11. —Earland, Discovery Rep’ts, vol. 10, 1934, p. 142, pl. 6, figs. 37, 38.

Lagena asperoides Galloway and Morrey, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 15, no. 55, 1929, p. 19, pl. 2, fig. 6. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1938, p. 14.

Large specimens of this species, very similar to those figured by Nuttall from Trinidad, occur in Zones II and III. The species seems to occur in the present oceans. The surface is a peculiar one with its short spines, and there is a well developed neck and a phialine lip with radiating ridges on the outer surface. Bermudez recorded it from the Eocene of Cuba.

LAGENA cf. HISPIDA Reuss (Pl. 4, fig. 21)

Specimens similar to that figured from Zone II also occur in Zones I and III. Reuss’ types are from the Oligocene of Germany. His type figure is much the same in shape as that we have figured, but he also figures other elongate forms under the same name. Our specimens are rather constant in form and size.

LAGENA NUTTALLI Galloway and Heminway (Pl. 4, fig. 10)

Lagena sulcata Nuttall (not Walker and Jacob), Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 84, 1928, p. 79, pl. 4, fig. 3.

Lagena nuttalli Galloway and Heminway, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., vol. 3, pt. 4, 1941, p. 346, pl. 10, fig. 8.

This species, originally figured by Nuttall from Trinidad, and by Galloway and Heminway from the Ponce formation of Porto Rico, is common in Zones II and III.

LAGENA TRINITATENSIS Nuttall (Pl. 4, fig. 11)

Lagena orbignyana (Seguenza), var. trinitatensis Nuttall, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 84, 1928, p. 80, pl. 3, figs. 22, 23.

Lagena orbignyana (Seguenza), var. caribaea Coryell and Rivero (not Cushman), Journ. Pal., vol. 14, 1940, p. 327, pl. 41, fig. 22.

The form described by Nuttall from Trinidad has been recorded from the Miocene of Haiti. It is not the same as the Recent variety described from the Caribbean. It occurs commonly in the Cipero formation in all three zones.

LAGENA PULCHERRIMA Cushman and Jarvis (Pl. 4, fig. 12)

Lagena pulcherrima Cushman and Jarvis, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929, p. 8, pl. 2, fig. 10. —Renz, Proc. 8th Amer. Sci. Congress, 1942, p. 548 (list).

This highly ornate species was described from the “Green Clay,” Cipero Section, of Trinidad. It occurs in typical form in Zones II and III.

LAGENA PULCHERRIMA Cushman and Jarvis. var. ENITENS Cushman and Stainforth, n. var. (Pl. 4, fig. 13)

Variety differing from the typical in having the central area without the hexagonal ornamentation and smooth and glossy or with very slight longitudinal striae.

Holotype of variety (Cushman Coll. No. 43512) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone I, Sample Rz.90, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I.

This variety occurs in all three zones and is evidently related to the more ornate species. In some respects it resembles Recent forms figured by Brady in the Challenger Report, but is not the same. It is nearly identical with some of the forms figured from the Pacific region referred to L. formosa Schwager, but is different from his types.

LAGENA STRIATA (d’Orbigny), var. INTERMEDIA Rzehak (Pl. 4, fig. 14)

Lagena striata (d’Orbigny), var. intermedia Rzehak, Verh. Nat. Ver. Brünn, vol. 14, pt. 1, 1885, pp. 81, 90, 96, pl. 1, fig. 6.

The figured specimen from Zone I seems to agree exactly with this variety described by Rzehak from the Miocene of Austria.

LAGENA STRIATA (d’Orbigny), var. BASISENTA Cushman and Stainforth, n. var. (Pl. 4, fig. 15)

Variety differing from the typical form in having the costae near the base ending in short, spinose projections.

Holotype of variety (Cushman Coll. No. 43517) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I.

This variety has been referred by numerous authors to L. strumosa Reuss or the name used as a varietal one of L. striata d’Orbigny. The type figure of Reuss is, however, quite different with a peculiarly thickened neck, a basal spine, and costae confined to the earlier half of the test and without spinose endings. The variety occurs only in Zone III.

LAGENA cf. LAEVIS (Montagu) (Pl. 4, fig. 22)

The single specimen from Zone I may be referred to this species.

LAGENA CRENATA Parker and Jones, var. CAPISTRATA Cushman and Stainforth, n. var. (Pl. 4, fig. 16)

Variety differing from the typical in having a fairly wide band of vertical costae near the base and continuing onto the basal area, ending in a short spine in the center, sides of the test near the base straight or slightly convex.

Holotype of variety (Cushman Coll. No. 43522) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. It also occurs in Zone II. A number of specimens show the constancy of these varietal characters.

LAGENA cf. LAGENOIDES (Williamson) (Pl. 16, fig. 10)

Specimens from Zones II and III, similar to the one figured, may be referred to Williamson’s species. They are quite different from the following variety but have a somewhat similar peripheral character.

LAGENA cf. LAGENOIDES (Williamson), var. TENUISTRIATA H. B. Brady (Pl. 4, fig. 17)

The single specimen figured from Zone III somewhat resembles one of the figures given by Brady in the Challenger Report (Pl. 60, fig. 11). Many varied forms have been put under this name by later authors, but they are evidently not all the same.

LAGENA TETRAGONA Parker and Jones (Pl. 4, fig. 19)

Lagena tetragona Parker and Jones, Philos. Trans., 1865, p. 352, pl. 18, fig. 14.

Our figured specimen from Zone I is very close in its characters to the figure given by Parker and Jones. It is very rare in this material and we have but two specimens.

LAGENA CIPERENSIS Cushman and Stainforth. n. sp. (Pl. 4, fig. 18)

Test with the main portion nearly spherical, the apical end extended out into a narrow, tapering neck; wall ornamented with eight longitudinal plate-like costae, evenly distributed, fusing at the central point of the base and continuing onto the neck, at the apertural end, the costae with fine radial tubules, the area between the costae smooth or more often somewhat finely costate. Length 0.45-0.52 mm.; diameter 0.30-0.37 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43530) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone I, Sample Rz.90, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I.

This species differs from L. tetragona Parker and Jones in the much shorter, nearly spherical body, and the lower costae which are eight in number instead of four. There is some variation in the size of the neck, some being very slender without costae, and others having the costae running up nearly the whole length of the neck. The surface between the high costae may also range from nearly smooth to decidedly but finely costate. The species is fairly common in Zone I but was not found in the other zones.

LAGENA WARINGI Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. (Pl. 4, fig. 20)

Test with the main portion nearly spherical, at the apertural end tapering into a long neck with about six, prominent, lamellate costae continuing from the aperture to the upper end of the main body of the test, base broadly rounded with a very few, short spines; wall very finely pitted and costate, almost smooth. Length 0.50-0.68 mm.; diameter 0.28-0.38 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43532) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I.

This species differs from L. ciperensis n. sp. in the basal spines, the peculiarly lamellate ornamentation of the neck, and the lack of the prominent costae on the chamber surface. It occurs in all three zones.

This species is named for Mr. G. A. Waring in recognition of the permanent value of his stratigraphic studies in Trinidad.

LAGENA RUTSCHI Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. (Pl. 4, figs. 23, 24)

Test with the main portion nearly spherical, the base with a single, large, stout spine, apertural end gradually tapering into a stout neck with a broadly thickened lip, the sides of the test with the lower half excavated with an elongate, narrow opening, the sides very slightly raised; wall very finely striate to nearly smooth. Length 0.55-0.90 mm.; diameter 0.38-0.50 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43536) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone I, Sample Rz.90, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. The species also occurs in typical form in Zone III.

The species differs from the preceding in the peculiar incised areas at the sides of the chamber, the very large, stout, basal spine, and the neck with a very large, thickened lip. It is very, similar to the form figured and described by Sidebottom from the Southwest Pacific as Lagena auriculata Brady, var. caudata (Journ. Quekett Micr. Club, vol. 12, 1913, p. 199, pl. 18, figs. 2, 3). That form has a costate surface and a larger, more slender neck, but has the narrow side openings. It is another example of the close relationships of this Oligocene Trinidad fauna to the Pliocene and Recent of the South Pacific.

This species is named for Dr. R. Rutsch whose studies of fossil mollusks have greatly refined our knowledge of the age of the Cipero formation and other units in Trinidad.

Family POLYMORPHINIDAE

Genus GUTTULINA d’Orbigny, 1839

GUTTULINA BYRAMENSIS (Cushman) (Pl. 4, figs. 25, 26)

Polymorphina byramensis Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 129‑E, 1922, p. 94, pl. 17, fig. 2; Prof. Paper 129‑F, 1922, p. 131; Prof. Paper 133, 1923, p. 31, pl. 5, figs. 1-5.

This species has been confused with G. irregularis (d’Orbigny). Specimens in front and apertural views are more triangular than G. irregularis. It is a characteristic species of the American Oligocene. It occurs in typical form in Zones II and III.

GUTTULINA JARVISI Cushman and Ozawa (Pl. 4, figs. 27, 28)

Guttulina jarvisi Cushman and Ozawa, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 77, art. 6, 1930, p. 39, pl. 7, figs. 4, 5. —Renz, Proc. 8th Amer. Sci. Congress, 1942, p. 558 (list).

This species was originally described from the Cipero Section of Trinidad. It occurs in Zones II and III. Like other species of the American Oligocene, it seems to have persisted in the Pacific region.

GUTTULINA LEHNERI Cushman and Ozawa (Pl. 4, figs. 29-31)

Guttulina lehneri Cushman and Ozawa, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 77, art. 6, 1930, p. 39, pl. 8, figs. 1, 2. —Cushman and McGlamery, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 189-D, 1938, p. 105, pl. 24, fig. 14; Prof. Paper 197‑B, 1942, p. 68, pl. 4, figs. 26, 27.

Very typical specimens occur in Zones II and III. The species was described from Trinidad and recorded from the Oligocene of Alabama.

GUTTULINA CAUDATA d’Orbigny (Pl. 4, fig. 35)

Guttulina caudata d’Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 266. —Fornasini, Boll. Soc. geol. Ital., vol. 19, 1900, p. 137, text fig. 2. —Cushman and Ozawa, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 77, art. 6, 1930, p. 36, pl. 6, figs. 4, 5. —Cole, Bull. 6, Florida State Geol. Survey, 1931 p. 29, pl. 4, fig. 11. —Cushman and Ponton, Bull. 9, 1932, p. 65, pl. 9, figs. 16, 17.

This species seems to have a fairly wide distribution in the Tertiary of America and Europe. Our figured specimen from Zone III has a fistulose development at the apertural end.

GUTTULINA cf. PRAELONGA (Egger) (Pl. 16, fig. 15)

Two specimens of an elongate form, somewhat resembling this species, are from Zone III, but are not entirely typical.

Genus GLOBULINA d’Orbigny, 1839

GLOBULINA cf. MINUTA (Roomer) (Pl. 16, fig. 16)

The single specimen figured is from Zone II and is referred to Roemer’s species. More specimens are necessary to confirm the identification.

GLOBULINA cf. INAEQUALIS Reuss (Pl. 4, fig. 36)

A single fistulose specimen from Zone III may be questionably referred to this species.

GLOBULINA INAEQUALIS Reuss, var. CARIBAEA d’Orbigny (Pl. 4, fig. 37)

Globulina caribaea d’Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, 1839, “Foraminifères,” p. 135, pl. 2, figs. 7, 8.

Globulina inaequalis Reuss, var. caribaea Cushman and Ozawa, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 77, art. 6, 1930, p. 75, pl. 18, figs. 5, 6. —Cole, Bull. 6, Florida State Geol. Survey, 1931, p. 30, pl. 7, fig. 12. —Cushman and Ponton, Bull. 9, 1932, p. 66, pl. 10, fig. 2. —Cushman, Special Publ. No. 5, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., 1933, pl. 22, fig. 9. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 9, 1935, p. 184. —Cushman and McGlamery, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 189-D, 1938, p. 105, pl. 24, fig. 18; Prof. Paper 197-B, 1942, p. 68, pl. 4, figs. 34-36. —Cushman, Special Publ. No. 12, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., 1944, p. 22, pl. 3, fig. 20.

Rare specimens of fistulose forms with the test ornamented with fine, short spines occur in all three zones. It occurs in the Oligocene of Alabama and in the later Tertiary of the Florida region as well as in the waters of the Western Atlantic.

Genus PYRULINA d’Orbigny, 1839

PYRULINA EXTENSA (Cushman) (Pl. 5, fig. 1)

Polymorphina longicollis H. B. Brady (not Karrer), Rep. Voyage Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 572, pl. 73, figs. 18, 19. —Egger, Abhandl. kön. bay. Akad. Wiss. München, Cl. II, vol. 18, 1893, p. 310, pl. 9, fig. 21. —Cushman, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1913, p. 90, pl. 41, figs. 1-3.

Polymorphina extensa Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 156, pl. 41, figs. 7, 8.

Pyrulina extensa Cushman and Ozawa, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 77, art. 6, 1930, p. 53, pl. 12, fig. 5. —Cushman, Bull. 161, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 2, 1933, p. 39, pl. 9, fig. 12; Bull. 119, Bernice P. Bishop Mus., 1934, p. 115, pl. 12, fig. 13. —Palmer and Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1936, p. 283, pl. 14, fig. 17.

This species has already been recorded from the Oligocene of Trinidad and Cuba. It is found also in Pliocene and Recent material from the Tropical Pacific. Specimens occur in all three zones of the Cipero.

PYRULINA cf. CYLINDROIDES (Roemer) (Pl. 4, fig. 34; pl. 5, fig. 3)

Specimens from Zones I and III may be referred to this species. There is considerable variation in the series.

PYRULINA CYLINDROIDES (Roemer), var. CURVATURA Cushman and Stainforth. n. var. (Pl. 4, figs. 32, 33)

Variety differing from the typical form in the more tapering and somewhat curved later portion, the last-formed chamber convex on one side and concave on the other, nearly circular in transverse section.

Holotype of variety (Cushman Coll. No. 43567) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone I, Sample Rz.90, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. This variety occurs only in Zone I but holds its characters very constantly.

PYRULINA cf. ACUMINATA d’Orbigny (Pl. 5, fig. 2)

A single specimen from Zone I may possibly be included with the preceding species, but is more pointed.

PYRULINA cf. LABIATA (Schwager) (Pl. 4, fig. 38)

This species was described from the Pliocene of Kar Nicobar and recorded from the Pliocene of Fiji. The single specimen from Zone III may be assigned to this species until more specimens are available.

Genus GLANDULINA d’Orbigny, 1826

GLANDULINA cf. LAEVIGATA d’Orbigny (Pl. 5, fig. 4)

The single specimen from Zone II is apparently biserial at the base and therefore belongs in this genus. It also seems distinct in form from those specimens assigned to Pseudoglandulina ovata (Cushman and Applin).

Genus PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA Cushman and Ozawa, 1928

PSEUDOPOLYMORPHINA cf. OVALIS Cushman and Ozawa (Pl. 5, fig. 7)

The single specimen from Zone III in some respects resembles this species described from the Miocene of Austria, but, with more material, it may be found to be a new species.

Genus SIGMOMORPHINA Cushman and Ozawa, 1928

SIGMOMORPHINA TRINITATENSIS Cushman and Ozawa (Pl. 5, fig. 5)

Sigmomorphina trinitatensis Cushman and Ozawa, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 77, art. 6, 1930, p. 134, pl. 36, figs. 1, 2.

This species was described from the Tertiary of Trinidad. Typical specimens occur in Zones II and III.

SIGMOMORPHINA FLINTII (Cushman) (Pl. 5, fig. 6)

Polymorphina flintii Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 155, pl. 40, fig. 10.

Sigmomorphina flintii Cushman and Ozawa, Jap. Journ. Geol. Geogr., vol. 6, 1929, pl. 17, fig. 20; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 77, art. 6, 1930, p. 125, pl. 32, fig. 7.

The single specimen from Zone II is very close in its characters to this species described from Recent material off the eastern coast of the United States.

Family NONIONIDAE

Genus NONION Montfort, 1808

NONION POMPILIOIDES (Fichtel and Moll) (Pl. 5, fig. 8)

(For references, see U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 191, 1939, p. 19.)

Specimens from all three zones seem to belong to this widely recorded species.

NONION HAVANENSE Cushman and Bermudez (Pl. 5, fig. 9)

Nonion havanense Cushman and Bermudez, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 13, 1937, p. 19, pl. 2, figs. 13, 14. —Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 191, 1939, p. 8, pl. 20, figs. 1, 2.

This species was described from the upper Eocene of Cuba. Specimens from Zones I and III are typical.

Family HETEROHELICIDAE

Genus BOLIVINOPSIS Yakovlev, 1891

BOLIVINOPSIS CUBENSIS (Cushman and Bermudez) (Pl. 5, fig. 10)

Spiroplectoides cubensis Cushman and Bermudez, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 13, 1937, p. 13, pl. 1, figs. 44, 45. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1938, p. 23.

Very typical specimens occur in all three zones. The types are from the upper Eocene of Cuba.

Genus RECTOGÜMBELINA Cushman, 1932

RECTOGÜMBELINA INOPINATA Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. (Pl. 5, fig. 27)

Test elongate, three or more times as long as broad, tapering from the narrowly rounded initial end to the greatest width formed by the last pair of biserial chambers, earliest portion triserial, thence biserial nearly to the apertural end, with one or two uniserial chambers, and slight reduction in width of the test; chambers distinct, slightly inflated, especially toward the later portion, very gradually increasing in size as added; sutures of the later portion distinct and depressed; wall of the early portion roughened or irregularly spinose, in the adult papillate or slightly spinose, aperture in the adult terminal with a short, but distinct, cylindrical neck. Length 0.62-0.75 mm.; breadth 0.18-0.20 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43587) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone I, Sample Rz.90, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. It did not occur in the other two zones, although a very similar form occurs in the underlying upper Eocene Hospital Hill marl. We have a series of several specimens.

This species differs from the only other Tertiary species, R. alabamensis Cushman, from the Paleocene of Alabama, in the more regularly tapering test, larger number of chambers, definite neck and much rougher surface. The neck is extremely delicate and easily broken away. It is surprising to find a species of this genus so late geologically, but it seems to belong here from its general characters.

Genus PLECTOFRONDICULARIA Liebus, 1903

PLECTOFRONDICULARIA SPINIFERA Cushman and Jarvis (Pl. 5, fig. 11; pl. 16, figs. 6, 7)

Plectofrondicularia spinifera Cushman and Jarvis, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929, p. 10, pl. 2, figs. 1-3; 1. c., vol. 10, 1934, p. 75, pl. 10, figs. 14, 15. —Renz, Proc. 8th Amer. Sci. Congress, 1942, p. 548 (list).

This is a characteristic species of the Cipero formation of Trinidad, occurring in Zones II and III. As in other species of the genus there is considerable variation in the relative width of the test.

PLECTOFRONDICULARIA COOKEI Cushman (Pl. 5, fig. 12)

Plectofrondicularia cookei Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 9, 1933, p. 11, pl. 1, fig. 26; U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 181, 1935, p. 34, pl. 12, figs. 11, 12. —Coryell and Embich, Journ. Pal., vol. 11, 1937, p. 303, pl. 42, fig. 14. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1938, p. 19. —Martin, Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser., Geol. Sci., vol. 3, no. 3, 1943, p. 12 (list).

A single specimen from Zone I seems identical with this species described from the upper Eocene, Cooper marl, of South Carolina. It has been recorded from the Eocene of Cuba, Panama, and California. The form figured by Kleinpell from the Miocene of California is not this species.

PLECTOFRONDICULARIA VAUGHANI Cushman (Pl. 5, fig. 13)

Plectofrondicularia vaughani Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 3, 1927, p. 112, pl. 23, fig. 3; Journ. Pal., vol. 1, 1927, pl. 25, fig. 11; Contr. Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929, p. 92, pl. 13, figs. 21, 22. —Cushman and Jarvis, Journ. Pal., vol. 4, 1930, p. 361, pl. 33, fig. 4. —Nuttall, l. c., vol. 6, 1932, p. 19. —Cushman, Special Publ. No. 5, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., 1933, pl. 26, fig. 27. —Hadley, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 20, no. 70A, 1934, p. 15, pl. 2, figs. 5, 6. —Cushman and Hobson, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 11, 1935, p. 59, pl. 9, fig. 1. —Nuttall, Journ. Pal., vol. 9, 1935, p. 127, pl. 14, fig. 25. —Cushman, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 181, 1935, p. 34, pl. 12, figs. 8, 9. —Palmer and Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1936, p. 285. —Coryell and Embich, Journ. Pal., vol. 11, 1937, p. 303, pl. 42, fig. 15. —Hedberg, 1. c., vol. 11, 1937, p. 675, pl. 91, fig. 17. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1938, p. 19. —Kleinpell, Miocene Stratig. Calif., 1938, p. 242. —Coryell and Rivero, Journ. Pal., vol. 14, 1940, p. 341, pl. 42, fig. 28. —Cushman, Foraminifera, 3rd. Ed., 1940, Key, pl. 26, fig. 27. —Galloway and Heminway, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., vol. 3, pt. 4, 1941, p. 422, pl. 31, fig. 7. —LeRoy, Colorado School Mines Quart., vol. 36, no. 1, pt. 1, 1941, p. 31, pl. 2, figs. 95, 96; pt. 2, 1941, p. 79, pl. 2, fig. 21. —Renz, Proc. 8th Amer. Sci. Congress, 1942, p. 554 (list). —LeRoy, Colorado School Mines Quart., vol. 39, no. 3, pt. 1, 1944, p. 25, pl. 8, fig. 15; pt. 2, 1944, p. 84.

From the records given, this species has a very wide range from Miocene to Eocene and also an extended range geographically. More than one species may be included under this name, however. It occurs in all three zones of the Cipero formation. Some of the figures referred to may later be found to belong to the following species.

PLECTOFRONDICULARIA RUTHVENMURRAYI Cushman and Stainforth. n. sp. (Pl. 5, fig. 14)

Test elongate, elliptical, about 2-1/2 times as long as wide, very strongly compressed, initial end subacute, periphery acute, often slightly keeled; chambers distinct, somewhat inflated, especially in the middle of the adult portion, earlier ones very narrow, biserial, later ones uniserial, increasing rather regularly in size as added, the outer ends extending far back toward the initial end; sutures distinct, depressed, especially in the later portion; wall smooth, distinctly perforate; aperture terminal, elliptical. Length 1.00-1.25 mm.; breadth 0.38-0.50 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43598) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. It also occurs in Zones I and II.

The species differs from P. vaughani Cushman in the narrower, more elongate elliptical test, in the initial portion very narrow, and in the straight and depressed sutures.

This species is named for Mr. A. J. Ruthven Murray, General Manager of Trinidad Leaseholds, Ltd.

PLECTOFRONDICULARIA MORREYAE Cushman (Pl. 5, figs. 15-17)

Plectofrondicularia morreyae Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929, p. 92, pl. 13, fig. 23. —Palmer and Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1936, p. 286. —Bermudez, 1. c., vol. 12, 1938, p. 19. —Palmer, 1. c., vol. 14, 1940, p. 293.

This species was described from the Tertiary of Manta, Ecuador. The type was evidently not complete and the series from Trinidad shows more nearly complete tests. The biserial stage is much reduced and the form tends toward Amphimorphina. The species has been recorded from the Oligocene and Eocene of Cuba. It occurs in Zones II and III.

PLECTOFRONDICULARIA MORREYAE Cushman, var. EXIGUA Cushman and Stainforth, n. var. (Pl. 5, fig. 18)

Variety differing from the typical in the more elongate chambers and narrower test.

Holotype of variety (Cushman Coll. No. 43605) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. This narrower form with higher chambers seems distinct from the typical form. The biserial stage is nearly eliminated.

PLECTOFRONDICULARIA MEXICANA (Cushman) (Pl. 5, fig. 19)

Frondicularia mexicana Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 1, pt. 4, 1926, p. 88, pl. 13, fig. 5.

Plectofrondicularia mexicana Cole, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 14, no. 51, 1927, p. 24. —Nuttall, Journ. Pal., vol. 6, 1932, p. 19. —Cushman, Special Publ. No. 4, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., 1933, pl. 21, fig. 13. —Nuttall, Journ. Pal., vol. 9, 1935, p. 127, pl. 15, fig. 6. —Palmer and Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1936, p. 285. —Bermudez, l. c., vol. 12, 1938, p. 19. —LeRoy, Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl.-Indie, vol. 99, 1939, p. 241, pl. 7, figs. 11, l2. —Cushman, Foraminifera, 3rd Ed., 1940, pl. 21, fig. 13.

Typical specimens occur in Zones II and III. The species was described from the Alazan shales of Mexico and is recorded from the Eocene of Venezuela and the Oligocene and Eocene of Cuba. LeRoy figures a similar form from the Miocene of Sumatra. The species is close to P. trinitatensis Cushman and Jarvis but that species has a slenderer test and the costae persist to the later portion.

PLECTOFRONDICULARIA ALAZANENSIS Cushman (Pl. 5, fig. 20)

Plectofrondicularia alazanensis Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 3, 1927, p. 113, pl. 22, fig. 12.

This species was described from the Alazan shales of Mexico and has apparently not been referred to since. The biserial stage is greatly, reduced and may be eliminated in the megalospheric form. The test has prominent elongate costae and the periphery is keeled. The Trinidad specimens are mostly somewhat larger than the types from Mexico, but otherwise seem identical. It occurs in all three zones.

PLECTOFRONDICULARIA NUTTALLI Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. (Pl. 5, figs. 21-23)

Test very elongate, narrow, several times as long as wide, early portion compressed and slightly keeled, the adult developing a raised costa in the median line of one face and becoming triangular in section in the adult, initial end narrowed, rounded, early portion with the biserial stage almost eliminated; chambers distinct, becoming slightly inflated before the median costa is developed; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall with a very few weak costae in the earlier portion; aperture terminal, rounded. Length 1.75 mm. or more; breadth 0.35-0.45 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43612) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone II, Sample Rz.108, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. The species only occurs in this zone.

It is related to P. jenkinsi Church from the Eocene of California but the biserial stage is greatly reduced or wanting and the early portion has narrower and depressed sutures and the triangular portion is not so strongly developed.

This species is named for Dr. W. L. F. Nuttall, pioneer student of the Cipero foraminifera.

PLECTOFRONDICULARIA NUTTALLI Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. var. ACUTA Cushman and Stainforth, n. var. (Pl. 5, fig. 24)

Variety differing from the typical in the development of a broad, transparent keel and in the earlier development of the triangular character.

Holotype of variety (Cushman Coll. No. 43614) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I.

Genus NODOGENERINA Cushman, 1927

NODOGENERINA HAVANENSIS Cushman and Bermudez (Pl. 5, fig. 25)

Nodogenerina havanensis Cushman and Bermudez, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 13, 1937, p. 14, pl. 1, figs. 47, 48. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1938, p. 16.

The types of this species are from the Eocene of Cuba. Our specimens from all three zones are identical when compared with the types.

NODOGENERINA ROHRI Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. (Pl. 5, fig. 26)

Test uniserial, elongate, very slightly tapering, circular in transverse section, basal end broadly rounded; chambers few, nearly spherical, increasing very gradually in size as added; sutures distinct, strongly depressed; wall smooth or slightly granular, the upper portion of each chamber slightly roughened or even with very faint, irregular costae; aperture terminal, small, circular, without a lip. Length 0.62-1.40 mm.; diameter 0.15-0.35 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43618) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. It also occurs in Zones I and If.

The series of specimens shows much variation in size, but other characters, even the number of chambers, are relatively constant. This species differs from N. cooperensis Cushman in the much larger size, less tapering form, and more separated chambers.

This species is named for Dr. K. Rohr, whose geological mapping has elucidated the stratigraphic relationships of the Cipero formation.

Family BULIMINIDAE

Genus BULIMINELLA Cushman, 1911

BULIMINELLA GRATA Parker and Bermudez (Pl. 6, fig. 1)

Buliminella grata Parker and Bermudez, Journ. Pal., vol. 11, 1937, p. 515, pl. 59, fig. 6. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 11, 1937, p. 342. —Cushman and Siegfus, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 15, 1939, p. 27, pl. 6, fig. 14; Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, no. 34, 1942, p. 411, pl. 16, fig. 37.

This species was described from the upper Eocene of Cuba and recorded also from the Eocene, Kreyenhagen shale, of California. Specimens from Zone I are identical with the types from Cuba. The peculiar scalloped appearance of the sutures, characteristic of this species, appears in the Trinidad specimens.

Genus BULIMINA d’Orbigny, 1826

BULIMINA ALAZANENSIS Cushman (Pl. 6, fig. 2)

Bulimina alazanensis Cushman, Journ. Pal., vol. 1, 1927, p. 161, pl. 25, fig. 4. —Palmer and Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1936, p. 286. —Bermudez, l. c., vol. 11, 1937, p. 341. —Parker and Bermudez, Journ. Pal., vol. 11, 1937, p. 514, pl. 58, fig. 5.

The types of this species are from the Alazan shales of Mexico. It has also been recorded from the Eocene and Oligocene of Cuba. Our specimens are from Zones II and III and are typical.

BULIMINA MACILENTA Cushman and Parker (Pl. 6, fig. 3)

Bulimina macilenta Cushman and Parker, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 15, 1939, p. 93.

Bulimina inflata Galloway and Morrey (not Seguenza), Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 15, 1929, p. 37, pl. 5, fig. 13. —Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929, p. 94, pl. 13, fig. 31. —Coryell and Embich, Journ. Pal., vol. 11, 1937, p. 304, pl. 42, fig. 19.

Bulimina denticulata Cushman and Parker (not Bulimina truncana Gümbel, var. denticulata Protescu), Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 12, 1936, p. 42, pl. 7, figs. 7, 8. —Cushman, 1. c., vol. 15, 1939, p. 64.

The types of this species are from the Eocene of California. Specimens from the Tertiary of Manta, Ecuador, and from the Eocene of Panama probably should be placed under this species, as well as specimens recorded from Venezuela and Trinidad by Cushman. Specimens occur in all three zones.

BULIMINA BLEECKERI Hedberg (Pl. 6, fig. 4)

Bulimina bleeckeri Hedberg, Journ. Pal., vol. 11, 1937, p. 675, pl. 91, figs. 12, 13. —Palmer, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 14, 1940, p. 295. —Franklin, Journ. Pal., vol. 18, 1944, p. 314, pl. 46, fig. 14.

Bulimina inflata Nuttall (not Seguenza), Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 84, 1928, p. 77, pl. 3, fig. 19; Journ. Pal., vol. 6, 1932, p. 20, pl. 5, fig. 2.

The types of this species are from the Oligocene of Venezuela and it has been recorded from the Oligocene of Cuba. The forms figured by Nuttall from the Alazan shales of Mexico and from Trinidad probably belong here. The species has a much coarser ornamentation than the preceding. It occurs in Zone II.

BULIMINA JARVISI Cushman and Parker (Pl. 6, fig. 5)

Bulimina Jarvisi Cushman and Parker, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 12, 1936, p. 39, pl. 7, fig. 1. —Parker and Bermudez, Journ. Pal., vol. 11, 1937, p. 513, pl. 58, fig. 2.

Our specimens seem identical with the types which were from the “Lower Marl” (Sta. 10), Cipero Section of Trinidad. It has also been recorded from the Eocene of Cuba. It occurs in Zones I and III. This is a very distinctive species with very coarsely perforate test and fine, irregular costae.

BULIMINA TUXPAMENSIS Cole (Pl. 6, fig. 6)

Bulimina tuxpamensis Cole, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 14, no. 53, 1928, p. 212 (12), pl. 1, fig. 23. —Nuttall, Journ. Pal., vol. 6, 1932, p. 20. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 11, 1937, p. 342. —Parker and Bermudez, Journ. Pal., vol. 11, 1937, p. 513, pl. 58, fig. 1.

This species was described from the Eocene of Mexico and has been recorded from the Alazan shales of Mexico and from the Eocene of Cuba. It occurs only in Zones II and III.

BULIMINA (DESINOBULIMINA) ILLINGI Cushman and Stainforth. n. sp. (Pl. 6, fig. 7)

Test fairly short, less than twice as long as broad, irregularly oval, greatest breadth usually above the ‘middle’, initial end rounded in the megalospheric form or subacute in the microspheric; chambers comparatively few, increasing rapidly in size as added, the last whorl making up nearly the whole of the surface of the test; sutures slightly depressed; wall smooth, coarsely perforate; aperture terminal with a slightly projecting lip. Length 0.75-0.93 mm.; breadth 0.45-0.52 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43638) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. It occurs only in Zone III.

This species differs from B. (Desinobulimina) auriculata Bailey in the broader form, more inflated chambers, and typically more rounded base.

This species is named for Prof. V. C. Illing in recognition of the permanent value of his stratigraphic studies of the Naparima region of Trinidad.

Genus ENTOSOLENIA Ehrenberg, 1848

As the species assigned to Entosolenia, Lagena, and Fissurina are in such a chaotic state, we have not attempted to give any complete synonymies. The various species in the Cipero formation are figured, and specific or varietal names are given, often with some question. The figures will give other workers an idea of the characters of the species as they occur in this fauna.

ENTOSOLENIA cf. MARGINATA (Walker and Boys) (Pl. 6, figs. 8-10)

Many different forms with keeled margins have been referred to this name. The form figured (Pl. 6, fig. 8) is very uniform in size and character in all three zones. Other forms are also figured (Pl. 6, figs. 9, 10), but are possibly different.

ENTOSOLENIA LAEVIGATA (Reuss) (Pl. 6, fig. 11)

The form figured is definitely different from the preceding and resembles the form figured by Reuss under this name. It occurs only in Zone I.

ENTOSOLENIA FLINTIANA (Cushman) (Pl. 6, fig. 13)

Lagena orbignyana Flint (not Seguenza), Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1897 (1899), p. 308, pl. 54, fig. 4.

Lagena flintiana Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 18, pl. 3, figs. 11-13. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 9, 1935, p. 180.

Specimens, from Zones II and III are very similar to this species described from Recent material in the Caribbean area. It appears to have developed several varietal forms in the Cipero.

ENTOSOLENIA FLINTIANA (Cushman). var. CARIBAEA (Cushman) (Pl. 6, fig. 14)

Lagena orbignyana (Seguenza), var. caribaea Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 41, pl. 7, figs. 6-9.

This variety is evidently more closely related to E. flintiana, and the types of both the species and the variety are from the same Albatross station. It occurs in all three zones.

ENTOSOLENIA FLINTIANA (Cushman), var. PLICATURA (Cushman and Stainforth. n. var. (Pl. 6, fig. 15)

Variety differing from the typical in the ornamentation of the test consisting of longitudinal costae running from near the aperture to the base, the outer ones curving and nearly parallel to the periphery, those of the middle portion becoming obsolete in the center of the body of the test.

Holotype of variety (Cushman Coll. No. 43657) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone I, Sample Rz.90, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I.

ENTOSOLENIA FLINTIANA (Cushman), var. INDOMITA Cushman and Stainforth, n. var. (Pl. 6, fig. 16)

Variety differing from the typical in the shorter, broader form, deeper depression below the aperture on each face, and the very prominent thickenifng of the basal end with several keels developed, usually with the edges rugose.

Holotype of variety (Cushman Coll. No. 43662) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. This variety also occurs in Zones I and II. It is probably the same as that figured by Galloway and Morrey as “Fissurina orbignyana caribaea (Cushman)” (Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 15, no. 55, 1929, p. 22, pl. 2, fig 17) from the Tertiary of Manta, Ecuador.

ENTOSOLENIA SPINOLAMINATA Cushman and Stainforth. n. sp. (Pl. 6, fig. 17)

Test nearly as broad, as long, the base nearly semicircular, apertural end very slightly tapering, wall of the main test smooth, the base with a peripheral keel with a few very short spines along the basal border, and another keel at each side near the base of the test, also with short spines but less prominent; aperture terminal, elongate. Length 0.60-0.85 mm.; breadth 0.55-0.80 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43668) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. It also occurs in Zone II.

This species differs from E. flintiana (Cushman), var. indomita, n. var. in the larger size, more regular shape, and smooth upper half of the test.

ENTOSOLENIA FIMBRIATA (H. B. Brady) (Pl. 6, fig. 12)

So many different forms have been recorded under this name that no attempt is made here to give references. It is interesting to note that the only fossil records are from the late Tertiary of the Indo-Pacific regions. Our figured specimen seems to be very similar to one of Brady’s type figures in the Challenger Report (Pl. 60, fig. 26). Specimens referable to this species occur in all three zones of the Cipero and show some variation.

ENTOSOLENIA PANNOSA Cushman and Stainforth. n. sp. (Pl. 6, fig. 18)

Test about twice as long as broad, compressed, the apertural end with a smooth area below the aperture, then deeply excavated at each side of the main body of the test, developing a thin, narrow keel at the sides, the basal end with an irregular expansion, somewhat fluted in the central part, and usually excavated at the sides, central area of the test smooth. Length 0.55‑0.60 mm.; breadth 0.32‑0.37 mm.; thickness 0.18 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43663) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. It occurs also in Zones I and II.

This species differs from E. flintiana (Cushman) in the very peculiar basal structure, the more elongate form, and greater compression. This species suggests a relationship to the form figured by Sidebottom from the Southwest Pacific as “Lagena clypeato‑marginata Rymer Jones, var.” (Journ. Quekett Micr. Club, vol. 11, 1912, pl. 2, fig. 6).

ENTOSOLENIA ORBIGNYANA (Seguenza) (Pl. 6, fig. 19)

Fissurina orbignyana Seguenza, Foram. mon. mioc. Messina, 1862, p. 66, pl. 2, figs. 25, 26.

The figured specimen from Zone III is much more like the type figure than many of the forms referred to this species. The name has been used to cover a wide range of forms.

ENTOSOLENIA ORBIGNYANA (Seguenza), var. CLATHRATA (H. B. Brady) (Pl. 6, fig. 20)

A single specimen from Zone I is very similar to the form figured by Brady with the main surface of the test with longitudinal costae. Many variations have been figured, but our specimen is more typical than most of these.

ENTOSOLENIA ORBIGNYANA (Seguenza), var. (Pl. 7, fig. 1)

This variety resembles the form described from the Pacific as “Lagena orbignyana (Seguenza), var. alata Cushman” (Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1913, p. 45, pl. 23, fig. 1) but is somewhat larger than the type and has a somewhat less developed keel. It occurs in all three zones of the Cipero and is rather constant in its characters.

ENTOSOLENIA STAPHYLLEARIA (Schwager) (Pl. 7. figs. 2, 3)

Fissurina staphyllearia Schwager, Novara‑Exped., Geol. Theil, vol. 2, 1866, p. 209, pl. 5, fig. 24. —Cushman, Journ. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol. 46, no. 546, 1939, p. 152 (42), pl. 10 (6), fig. 10.

Entosolenia staphyllearia Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929, p. 96, pl. 13, fig. 40; Special Publ. No. 5, 1933, pl. 27, fig. 19. —Hadley, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 20, no. 70A, 1934, p. 17, pl. 2, figs. 10, 11. —Cushman, Foraminifera, 3rd. Ed., 1940, Key, pl. 27, fig. 19. —LeRoy, Colorado School Mines Quart., vol. 36, no. 1, pt. 2, 1941, p. 80, pl. 1, fig. 32.

Lagena staphyllearia Cushman, Bull. 119, Bernice P. Bishop Mus., 1934, p. 120, pl. 14, fig. 5. —Matthes, Palaeontographica, vol. 90, pt. A, 1939, p. 88, pl. 8, fig. 143.

Various spinose forms have been referred to Schwager's species. The above references are all apparently to the same form. The base may have, in the median plane, two to five short spines which are broad and flattened at the base and rapidly tapering to a point. Typical specimens are here figured from Zone III. The records include the Oligocene of Cuba and Venezuela and the Pliocene of the Indo‑Pacific.

ENTOSOLENIA GLOBOSA (Montagu), var. SPINULOSA (Reuss) (Pl. 7, fig. 4)

Lagena globosa (Montagu), var. spinulosa Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 62, pt. 1, 1870, p. 466, in von Schlicht, Foram. Sept. Pietzpuhl, 1870, pl. 2, fig. 2.

Fissurina staphyllearia Galloway and Morrey (not Schwager), Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 15, 1929, p. 23, pl. 2, fig. 18.

Reuss described and figured from the Oligocene of Germany a globular form with small, short spines irregularly placed on the rounded base. Similar specimens occur in all three zones.

The form referred to Schwager's species from the Tertiary of Manta, Ecuador, is not his species and is probably the same as this variety of Reuss. The form figured by Sidebottom as “Lagena longispina Brady” from the Southwest Pacific may be this variety (Journ. Quekett Micr. Club, vol. 12, 1913, p. 165, pl. 15, fig. 6).

ENTOSOLENIA LONGISPINA (H. B. Brady) (Pl. 7, fig. 9)

Lagena longispina H. B. Brady Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., vol. 21, 1881, p. 31; Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 454, pl. 56, figs. 33‑36; pl. 59, figs. 13, 14. —Egger, Abhandl. kön. bay. Akad. Wiss. München, CI. II, vol. 18, 1893, p. 332, pl. 10, figs. 76, 77. —Flint, Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1897 (1899), p. 306, pl. 53, fig. 2. —Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 32, pl. 5, figs. 11, 12.

Lagena staphyllearia Nuttall (not Schwager), Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 84, 1928, p. 79, pl. 4, fig. 1.

This species has mostly been referred to as a Recent form. Nuttall's figure from Trinidad is evidently this species. The long spines are very frequently broken in fossil material. Flint's material was from Recent material off Trinidad. Typical specimens occur in Zones II and III.

ENTOSOLENIA KUGLERI Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. (Pl. 7. fig 5)

Lagena orbignyana (Seguenza), var. Nuttall, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 84, 1928, p. 80, pl. 4, fig. 2.

Test large for the genus, in front view rounded, slightly tapering to the apertural end, with a wide, thin, peripheral keel with short, spinose projections along the basal portion, the main body of the test with the lower half ornamented by concentric costae parallel to the periphery, becoming slightly raised toward the border and occasionally with a single, short, spinose projection in the median line.; aperture elliptical, terminal. Length of holotype 1.30 mm.; breadth 1.25 mm.; thickness 0.75 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43691) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I.

This species differs from E. orbignyana (Seguenza) in the highly ornamented test, large size, and spinose basal edges. It is an especially fine species with distinctive characters and is named in honor of Dr. H. G. Kugler who has contributed so much to the geology of Trinidad and adjacent areas. The species was recorded and figured from Trinidad by Nuttall.

ENTOSOLENIA CRENULATA (Coryell and Rivero) (Pl. 7, fig. 6)

Fissurina crenulata Coryell and Rivero, Journ. Pal., vol. 14, 1940, p. 327, pl. 41, fig. 15.

Specimens from Zone III may be referred to this species described from the Miocene of Haiti. Our specimens have a somewhat greater amount of ornamentation than shown in the type figure, but this varies somewhat in our specimens.

ENTOSOLENIA CRENULATA (Coryell and Rivero), var. MULTISPINATA Cushman and Stainforth, n. var. (Pl. 7, fig. 7)

Variety differing from the typical in the ornamentation, of the test which consists of short, but distinct, spinose projections on the basal border of the costae.

Holotype of variety (Cushman Coll. No. 43694) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. The variety occurs with the typical form and the two seem definitely related.

ENTOSOLENIA ACUTA (Reuss), var. BISENTA Cushman and Stainforth, n. var. (Pl. 7, fig. 8)

Variety differing from the typical in having two short spines at the median line at the base, and a slightly broader test.

Holotype of variety (Cushman Coll. No. 43696) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. This is a characteristic variety occurring in all three zones and holding its characters very closely.

Genus VIRGULINA d’Orbigny, 1826

VIRGULINA CIPERANA Cushman and Stainforth. n. sp. (Pl. 7, fig. 10)

Test small, slender, about three times as long as wide, gradually tapering, broadest near the apertural end, initial end rounded to subacute; chambers distinct, very slightly inflated, increasing very gradually in size as added, the biserial ones in the adult forming a spiral; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall smooth, distinctly and rather coarsely perforate; aperture elongate, comma-shaped, at the inner border of the last-formed chamber. Length 0.35-0.45 mm.; diameter 0.12-0.15 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43700) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone II, Sample Rz.108, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I.

This species differs from V. bramlettei Galloway and Morrey in the much smaller size, shorter and more numerous chambers, and more rounded apertural end. The species is fairly common in Zone II but not found in the other two zones. There seem to be two forms, one tapering from the last pair of chambers to the initial end, and the other more slender and fusiform. In other characters, these seem to be alike and may possibly be the microspheric and megalospheric forms.

Genus BOLIVINA d’Orbigny, 1839

BOLIVINA BEYRICHI Reuss (Pl. 7, fig. 11)

(For references, see Special Publ. No. 9, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., 1937, p. 74.)

This species was described from the Oligocene of Hermsdorf, Germany. American specimens have not previously been found which would seem identical, but a single specimen from Zone III was compared with a series of topotypes and seems identical.

BOLIVINA TECTIFORMIS Cushman (Pl. 7, fig. 12)

(For references, see Special Publ. No. 9, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., 1937, p. 67.)

A number of specimens from Zones I and II seem identical with the types from the Alazan clays of Mexico. A few specimens from Zone III are less typical.

Genus UVIGERINA d’Orbigny, 1826

UVIGERINA RUSTICA Cushman and Edwards (Pl. 7, fig. 13)

Uvigerina rustica Cushman and Edwards, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 14, 1938, p. 83, pl. 14, fig. 6. —Palmer, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 15, 1941, p. 184, pl. 15, fig. 19. —Renz, Proc. 8th Amer. Sci. Congress, 1942, pp. 546, 548, 560 (lists).

This species was described from the Oligocene of Venezuela and is recorded from the Oligocene and Miocene of Trinidad and the Oligocene of Cuba. It is figured from Zone III and occurs also in Zone II of the Cipero formation.

UVIGERINA MANTAENSIS Cushman and Edwards (Pl. 7, fig. 17)

Uvigerina proboscidea Galloway and Morrey (not Schwager), Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 15, 1929, p. 39, pl. 6, fig. 4.

Uvigerina mantaensis Cushman and Edwards, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 14, 1938, p. 84, pl. 14, fig. 8. —Cushman and Todd, l. c., vol. 17, 1941, p. 50, pl. 14, fig. 12. —Galloway and Heminway, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., vol. 3, pt. 4, 1941, p. 430, pl. 33, fig. 7.

This species, the types of which are from the Tertiary of Manta, Ecuador, occurs in all three zones of the Cipero. It is recorded also from the Ponce formation, upper Oligocene of lower Miocene, of Porto Rico.

UVIGERINA SPINICOSTATA Cushman and Jarvis (Pl. 7, fig. 16)

Uvigerina spinicostata Cushman and Jarvis, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929, p. 12, pl. 3, figs. 9, 10. —Palmer and Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1936, p. 293. —Cushman and Edwards, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 13, 1937, p. 83, pl. 12, figs. 11, 12. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1938, p. 25. —Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 15, 1939, p. 66, pl. 11, fig. 12. —Renz, Proc. 8th Amer. Sci. Congress, 1942, p. 548 (list).

The types of this species are from the “Lower Marl,” Cipero Section, and we have specimens from Zone I. It has been recorded also from the Eocene of Cuba and from the Eocene of cores taken from the Western Atlantic.

UVIGERINA GALLOWAYI Cushman (Pl. 7, fig. 14)

Uvigerina alata Galloway and Morrey (not Cushman and Applin), Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 15, 1929, p. 38, pl. 6, fig. 1.

Uvigerina gallowayi Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929, p. 94, pl. 13, figs. 33, 34. —Cushman and Edwards, 1. c., vol. 14, 1938, p. 75, pl. 13, figs. 8, 9. —Kleinpell, Miocene Stratig. Calif., 1938, p. 294, pl. 5, figs. 1, 2, 5. —Cushman and Todd, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 17, 1941, p. 45, pl. 13, fig. 11. —Galloway and Heminway, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., vol. 3, pt. 4, 1941, p. 429, pl. 33, fig. 8. —Cushman and Simonson, Journ. Pal., vol. 18, 1944, p. 200, pl. 32, figs. 18, 19.

This species is recorded from the Oligocene and Miocene from Ecuador, Venezuela, California, and Porto Rico. Typical specimens occur in Zone II of the Cipero.

UVIGERINA CAPAYANA Hedberg (Pl. 7, fig. 15)

Uvigerina pygmaea d’Orbigny, var. capayana Hedberg, Journ. Pal., vol. 11, 1937, p. 677, pl. 91, fig. 19. —Palmer, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 15, 1941, p. 183.

Uvigerina capayana Cushman and Edwards; Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 14, 1938, p. 80, pl. 14, fig. 1.

The types of this species are from the Oligocene, Carapita formation, of Venezuela. It is also recorded from the Oligocene of Cuba. Some of our specimens show an added chamber or two in the adult stage to give a more elongate appearance than that of the type and of our figured specimen. It occurs only in Zone I.

UVIGERINA AUBERIANA d’Orbigny. var. ATTENUATA Cushman and Renz (Pl. 7, fig. 18)

Uvigerina auberiana d’Orbigny, var. attenuata Cushman and Renz, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 17, 1941, p. 21, pl. 3, fig. l7. —Cushman and Todd, l. c., vol. 17, 1941, p. 44, pl. 13, figs. 6-9.

Uvigerina fusiformis Galloway and Heminway, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., vol. 3, pt. 4, 1941, p. 428, pl. 33, fig. 6.

Typical specimens occur in Zones II and III in the Cipero formation. The types are from the Miocene of Venezuela and it has been recorded from the Miocene or Oligocene, Ponce formation, of Porto Rico and from the Miocene of Buff Bay, Jamaica. A number of our specimens show more elongate tests, the early stages being like the types but additional chambers added in the adult.

UVIGERINA CIPERANA Cushman and Stainforth. n. sp. (Pl. 7, figs. 19, 20)

Test small, elongate, slender, about three times as long as broad, initial end subacute to rounded; chambers distinct, comparatively few, inflated, the later ones loosely coiled, inner face of last-formed chamber flattened; sutures distinct, depressed; wall with fine longitudinal costae; aperture with a short but distinct neck and thin phialine lip. Length 0.50-0.60 mm.; diameter 0.17-0.20 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43722) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone I, Sample Rz.90, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. It occurs in some numbers in Zone I but not in the other two zones.

This species differs from U. auberiana d’Orbigny, var. attenuata Cushman and Renz in the shorter neck, the less inflated chambers, and the distinctly costate surface.

Genus SIPHOGENERINA Schlumberger, 1883

SIPHOGENERINA BASISPINATA Cushman and Jarvis (Pl. 8, fig. 3)

Siphogenerina basispinata Cushman and Jarvis, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929, p. 13, pl. 3, figs. 4, 5.

This species was described from the Tertiary of Trinidad. Typical specimens occur in Zones II and III of the Cipero formation.

SIPHOGENERINA MULTICOSTATA Cushman and Jarvis (Pl. 8, fig. 1)

Siphogenerina multicostata Cushman and Jarvis, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929, p. 14, pl. 3, fig. 6. —Cushman, l. c., vol. 5, 1929, p. 95, pl. 13, fig. 38. —Hadley, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 20, no. 70A, 1934, p. 17, pl. 2, fig. 8—Galloway and Heminway, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., vol. 3, pt. 4, 1941, p. 435, pl. 34, figs. 3, 4. —Renz, Proc. 8th Amer. Sci. Congress, 1942, pp. 545, 546, 548, 560 (lists).

The types of this species are from the “Green Clay,” Cipero Section of Trinidad. It is also recorded from Venezuela, Cuba, and Porto Rico. It occurs in Zones II and III in our material.

SIPHOGENERINA SERIATA (Cushman and Jarvis) (Pl. 8, fig. 2)

Uvigerina seriata Cushman and Jarvis, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929, p. 13, pl. 3, figs. 11, 12. —Cushman and Edwards, l. c., vol. 13, 1937, p. 82, pl. 12, figs. 9, 10.

The early stages of this species are similar to those of Uvigerina, but the adults develop several uniserial chambers so that the species should probably be placed in Siphogenerina. The types are from the Tertiary of Trinidad. It occurs in Zones II and III with the preceding species.

Genus TRIFARINA Cushman, 1923

TRIFARINA Bradyi Cushman (Pl. 8, fig. 4)

Rhabdogonium tricarinatum H. B. Brady (not Vaginulina tricarinata d’Orbigny), Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 525, pl. 67, figs. 1-3; Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc., 1887, p. 910. —H. B. Brady, Parker, and Jones, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 12, 1888, p. 223, pl. 45, fig. 3. —Wright, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 4, 1889, p. 449; Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., ser. 3, vol. 1, 1891, p. 484. —Egger, Abhandl. kön. bay. Akad. Wiss. München, Cl. II, vol. 18, 1893, p. 355, pl. 11, figs. 49, 50; pl. 12, figs. 36-38.

Triplasia tricarinata Cushman, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1913, p. 62, pl. 39, fig. 2. Trifarina bradyi Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 99, pl. 22, figs. 3-9; Publ. 342, Carnegie Instit. Washington, 1924, p. 27, pl. 7, fig. 5; Bull. 27, Bernice P. Bishop Mus., 1925 (1926), p. 127. —Hanzawa, Jap. Journ. Geol. Geogr., vol. 4, 1925 (1926), p. 41 (list). —Yabe and Hanzawa, l. c., p. 51. —Chapman and Parr, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., vol. 36, 1926, p. 386, pl. 20, fig. 52. —Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 1, pt. 4, 1926, p. 86; vol. 5, 1929, p. 96, pl. 13, fig. 39; Special Publ. No. 4, 1933, pl. 22, fig. 15; Special Publ. No. 5, 1933, pl. 28, fig. 15; Bull. 119, Bernice P. Bishop Mus., 1934, p. 127, pl. 15, fig. 11. —Palmer and Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1936, p. 293. —Ovey, Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc., vol. 47, 1937, p. 121. —Chapman and Parr, Australasian Antarctic Exped., ser. C, vol. 1, pt. 2, 1937, p. 98. —Asano, Journ. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol. 45, no. 538, 1938, p. 615, pl. 17 (6), fig. 25. —Cushman, Foraminifera, 3rd. Ed., 1940, pl. 22, fig. 15; Key, pl. 28, fig. 15. —Chapman, Trans. Roy. Soc. So. Australia, vol. 65, 1941, p. 168. —Galloway and Heminway, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., vol. 3, pt. 4, 1941, p. 437, pl. 35, fig. 4. —LeRoy, Colorado School Mines Quart., vol. 36, no. 1, pt. 1, 1941, p. 38, pl. 2, figs. 114, 115; pt. 2, 1941, p. 82, pl. 2, fig. 24. —Palmer, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 15, 1941, p. 187. —Macfadyen, Geol. Mag., vol. 79, 1942, p. 137 (list). —Cushman, Bull. 161, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1942, p. 59, pl. 15, fig. 13. —LeRoy, Colorado School Mines Quart., vol. 39, no. 3, pt. 1, 1944, p. 33, pl. 1, fig. 23.

The records for this species, given above, cover a wide range in Recent seas and in fossil material from Pliocene to Oligocene of widely scattered areas. In our general area it is recorded from the Oligocene of Venezuela and Cuba and the upper Oligocene or lower Miocene, Ponce formation, of Porto Rico. In the Cipero it occurs in Zones II and III.

Family ELLIPSOIDINIDAE

Genus PLEUROSTOMELLA Reuss, 1860

PLEUROSTOMELLA cf. ALTERNANS Schwager (Pl. 8, figs. 6, 8)

Specimens in all three zones of the Cipero formation closely resemble this widely recorded species. The types are from the Pliocene of Kar Nicobar in the Indo-Pacific and other species in that fauna are closely related to these from Trinidad. The Cipero specimens have slightly shorter chambers.

PLEUROSTOMELLA ALAZANENSIS Cushman (Pl. 8, fig. 11)

Pleurostomella alazanensis Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 1, pt. 1, 1925, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 2. —Cushman and Harris, l. c., vol. 3, pt. 2, 1927, p. 130, pl. 25, fig. 21. —Nuttall, Journ. Pal., vol. 4, 1930, p. 286.

The types are from the Alazan shales of Mexico. Nuttall has recorded it from the Eocene, Aragon formation, of Mexico. Rare specimens from Zone I of the Cipero formation seem identical, when compared with the types.

PLEUROSTOMELLA CUBENSIS Cushman and Bermudez (Pl. 8, figs. 5, 7)

Pleurostomella alazanensis Cushman, var. cubensis Cushman and Bermudez, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 13, 1937, p. 17, pl. 1, figs. 64, 65. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1938, p. 20.

Pleurostomella cubensis Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 15, 1939, p. 67, pl. 11, figs. 25, 26. —Martin, Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. Set., Geol. Sci., vol. 3, no. 3, 1943, p. 12 (list).

The two figured specimens from Zones H and III represent the range of variation that occurs in this species. The types are intermediate between these two.

PLEUROSTOMELLA NUTTALLI Cushman and Siegfus (Pl. 8, fig. 9)

Pleurostomella nuttalli Cushman and Siegfus, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 15, 1939, p. 29, pl. 6, figs. 17, 18; Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, 1942, p. 415, pl. 17, figs. 10, 11. —Kelley, Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol., vol. 27, 1943, p. 8 (list). —Curran, 1. c., pp. 1379, 1381 (lists). —Martin, Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser., Geol. Sci., vol. 3, no. 3, 1943, p. 12 (list).

A specimen from Zone I seems identical in all details with the type specimens from the Eocene of California where the species is recorded from several formations.

PLEUROSTOMELLA BIERIGI Palmer and Bermuda (Pl. 8, fig. 15)

Pleurostomella bierigi Palmer and Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat, vol. 10, 1936, p. 294, pl. 17, figs. 7, 8. —Bermudez, 1. c., vol. 12, 1938, p. 20. —Galloway and Heminway, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., vol. 3, pt. 4, 1941, p. 438, pl. 35, fig. 2.

This species, described from the Oligocene of Cuba, seems to be present in all three zones of the Cipero. We have no topotypes for comparison, but the general characters appear to be the same. The following variety occurs with it.

PLEUROSTOMELLA BIERIGI Palmer and Bermudez. var. HEBETA Cushman and Stainforth, n. var. (Pl. 8, fig. 16)

Variety differing from the typical in the very bluntly rounded base and more oval outline of the entire test.

Holotype of variety (Cushman Coll. No. 43752) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone II, Sample Rz.108, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. This variety occurs with the typical form of the species in all three zones.

PLEUROSTOMELLA cf. ACUTA Hantken (Pl. 8, fig. 12)

A very few specimens from Zone II, one of which is figured, have somewhat the form of this species, but topotypes seem smaller and somewhat more tapering than the Trinidad specimens. Numerous forms have been referred to this species in the literature, not all of them evidently the same.

PLEUROSTOMELLA NARANJOENSIS Cushman and Bermudez (Pl. 8, fig. 10)

Pleurostomella naranjoensis Cushman and Bermudez, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 13, 1937, p. 16, pl. 1, figs. 59, 60.

The types of this species are from the Eocene of Cuba. Rare specimens from Zones I and III, although not exactly like the types, resemble them in many characters.

PLEUROSTOMELLA ELLIPTICA Galloway and Heminway (Pl. 8, fig. 17)

Pleurostomella elliptica Galloway and Heminway, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., vol. 3, pt. 4, 1941, p. 438, pl. 35, fig. 3.

There are specimens from all three zones of the Cipero that seem to belong to this species described from the Ponce formation of Porto Rico. Some of the specimens become almost uniserial and tend toward Nodosarella.

PLEUROSTOMELLA PRAEGERONTICA Cushman and Stainforth. n. sp. (Pl. 8, figs. 13, 14)

Test about twice as long as broad, nearly circular in section, periphery broadly rounded; chambers few, biserial, increasing very rapidly in size as added, the last three making up nearly the whole of the test, final chamber large and more nearly central than the earlier ones; sutures distinct but only slightly depressed except in the last chamber where the suture is strongly depressed; wall smooth; aperture terminal, small, with the upper border raised. Length 0.90-1.10 mm.; breadth 0.50-0.55 mm.; thickness 0.50 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43767) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone II, Sample Rz.108, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. The species is fairly common in Zone II but rare in Zones I and III.

This has some of the characters of P. gerontica Galloway and Heminway, but the final chamber is not nearly so reduced and it appears to be an ancestral form of that species from the Ponce formation of Porto Rico.

Genus ELLIPSOPLEUROSTOMELLA A. Silvestri, 1903

ELLIPSOPLEUROSTOMELLA SCHLICHTI A. Silvestri (Pl. 8, fig. 18)

Ellipsopleurostomella schlichti A. Silvestri, Atti Accad. Sci. Torino, vol. 39, 1903, p. 4, text figs. 1, 2. —Cushman, Special Publ. No. 4, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., 1933, pl. 23, fig. 2; Foraminifera, 3rd. Ed., 1940, pl. 23, fig. 2.

Specimens from all three zones seem to be identical with this species described and figured from the Miocene of Italy.

Genus NODOSARELLA Rzehak, 1895

NODOSARELLA SUBNODOSA (Guppy) (Pl. 9, fig. 8)

Ellipsoidina subnodosa Guppy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1894, p. 650, pl. 41, fig. 12.

Ellipsonodosaria subnodosa Cushman and Jarvis, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram Res., vol. 4, 1928, p. 102, pl. 14, figs. 15, 16. —Nuttall, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 84, 1928, p. 95, pl. 6, fig. 20; Journ. Pal., vol. 4, 1930, p. 287. —Cushman and Jarvis, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 80, art. 14, 1932, p. 45, pl. 13, figs. 11-13.

Nodosarella subnodosa Nuttall, Journ. Pal., vol. 6, 1932, p. 24, pl. 4, figs. 7, 10, 13. —Palmer and Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1936, p. 294. —Bermudez, 1. c., vol. 12, 1938, p. 16. —Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 15, 1939, p. 68, pl. 11, figs. 21, 22.

The types of this species are from Trinidad. It occurs in all three zones of the Cipero formation. The records also include the Oligocene of Mexico and Cuba, and the Eocene of Mexico, Cuba, and cores from the Western Atlantic. It is difficult to place this species generically as the microspheric specimens show a biserial stage but the megalospheric ones often are uniserial throughout.

NODOSARELLA ROBUSTA Cushman (Pl. 9, figs. 1, 2)

Nodosarella robusta Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 19, 1943, p. 92, pl. 16, fig. 8.

Specimens from all three zones of the Cipero formation seem identical with this species recently described from the Tertiary of the Island of St. Croix. One very large microspheric form is figured with a more typical one, both from Zone I.

NODOSARELLA SUBCYLINDRICA Cushman (Pl. 9, fig. 4)

Nodosarella subcylindrica Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 19, 1943, p. 91, pl. 16, figs. 4, 5.

This species occurs with the preceding in the Tertiary of St. Croix and also is found in all three zones of the Cipero.

NODOSARELLA SALMOJRAGHII Martinotti (Pl. 9, fig. 5)

Nodosarella salmojraghii Martinotti, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., vol. 62, 1923, p. 347, pl. 7, figs. 58-60, text fig. 28. —Nuttall, Journ. Pal., vol. 6, 1932, p. 23, pl. 4, figs. 5, 6. —Cushman, Special Publ. No. 4, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., 1933, pl. 23, fig. 4. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1938, p. 16.

Specimens from Zone I seem identical with the form figured by Nuttall from the Alazan shales of Mexico. They also seem reasonably close to the type figures from the Tertiary of Italy, although we have no topotype specimens for comparison. In our specimens the last-formed chamber is very short as figured by Nuttall. It was found only in Zone I.

NODOSARELLA REFLECTA Cushman and Stainforth. n. sp. (Pl. 9, figs. 6, 7)

Test short and stout, curved backward toward the apertural side, making one side concave, the other convex; chambers few, three or four, increasing rapidly in size; sutures very slightly depressed; wall smooth; aperture subterminal, T‑shaped. Length 1.60-1.70 mm.; diameter 0.70-1.00 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43791). from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone I, Sample Rz.90, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. It occurs only in Zone I.

This species differs from N. robusta Cushman in the short, stout form, fewer chambers, and the backwardly curved shape of the test.

Genus ELLIPSONODOSARIA A. Silvestri, 1900

ELLIPSONODOSARIA VERNEUILI (d’Orbigny) (Pl. 9, fig. 11)

Dentalina verneuili d’Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846, p. 48, pl. 2, figs. 7, 8.

Nodosaria verneuili Nuttall, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 84, 1928, p. 81, pl. 4, figs. 14, 15.

Ellipsonodosaria verneuili Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929, p. 96, pl. 14, figs. 1-3. —Cushman and Jarvis, Journ. Pal., vol. 4, 1930, p. 364, pl. 33, fig. 12; Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 10, 1934, pl. 10, fig. 1. —Hadley, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 20, no. 70A, 1934, p. 20, pl. 3, figs. 4-6. —Nuttall, Journ. Pal., vol. 9, 1935, p. 127, pl. 14, fig. 20. —Palmer and Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1936, p. 295, pl. 18, figs. 1, 2, 14-16. —Bermudez, 1. c., vol. 12, 1938, p. 6. —Hedberg, Journ. Pal., vol. 11, 1937, p. 678, pl. 91, fig. 8. —LeRoy, Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl.-Indie, vol. 99, pt. 6, 1939, p. 253, pl. 7, figs. 23-25; Journ. Pal., vol. 15, 1941, p. 623 (list). —Palmer, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 15, 1941, p. 189. —Renz, Proc. 8th Amer. Sci. Congress, 1942, pp. 553, 556 (lists). —Franklin, Journ. Pal., vol. 18, 1944, p. 315, pl. 46, fig. 11. —LeRoy, Colorado School Mines Quart., vol. 39, no. 3, pt. 1, 1944, p. 33, pl. 1, fig. 64; pl. 5, fig. 29.

Nodosaria crassielegans Nuttall, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 84, 1928, p. 80, pl. 4, figs. 6, 7.

Nodosarella camerani Galloway and Morrey (not Dervieux), Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 15, no. 55, 1929, p. 41, pl. 6, figs. 9-11.

References are not given for the European area where various forms have been assigned to this species. In the area related to Trinidad, the species is recorded from Venezuela, Cuba, Jamaica, and Ecuador. It occurs in all three zones of the Cipero. There is considerable variation in the size of the test and in the amount of inflation of the chambers. The megalospheric form typically has a stout basal spine, usually at one side.

ELLIPSONODOSARIA VERNEUILI (d’Orbigny), var. PAUCISTRIATA (Galloway and Morrey) (Pl. 9, fig. 12)

Nodosaria intermittens Nuttall (not Roemer), Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 84, 1928, p: 82, pl. 4, fig. 17.

Nodosarella paucistriata Galloway and Morrey, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 15, no. 55, 1929, p. 42, pl. 6, fig. 12. —Coryell and Rivero, Journ. Pal., vol. 14, 1940, p. 343, pl. 42, figs. 21-23,—Galloway and Heminway, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., vol. 3, pt, 4, 1941, p. 440, pl. 35, figs. 7-9.

Ellipsonodosaria verneuili (d’Orbigny), var. paucistriata Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929, p. 97, pl. 14, figs. 4, 5. —Cushman and Jarvis, l. c., vol. 10, 1934, pl. 10, figs. 2, 3. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1938, p. 6. —Kleinpell, Miocene Stratig. Calif., 1938, p. 306, pl. 4, fig. 18. —Goudkoff and Porter, Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol., vol. 26, 1942, p. 1654 (list).

Nuttall first figured this form from Trinidad. It occurs in Zones II and III of the Cipero formation. It has been recorded from Miocene to Eocene from areas including Cuba, Haiti, Porto Rico, Ecuador, and California.

ELLIPSONODOSARIA NUTTALLI Cushman and Jarvis (Pl. 9, fig. 13)

Nodosaria abyssorum Guppy (not H. B. Brady), Proc. Victoria Instit. Trinidad, vol. 2, 1904, p. 12, pl. 1, figs. 10, 11; Geol. Mag., dec. 5, vol. 1, 1904, p. 246, pl. 8, figs. 8, 9. —Nuttall, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 84, 1928, p. 81, pl. 5, fig. 2.

Ellipsonodosaria nuttalli Cushman and Jarvis, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 10, 1934, p. 72, pl. 10, fig. 6. —Bermudez Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1938, p. 5.

All the above references are from Trinidad except that of Bermudez from the Eocene of Cuba. The species is a distinctive one and occurs only in Zone I. The megalospheric form has numerous spines at the base and the proloculum is often broader in diameter than any of the succeeding chambers, while the microspheric form has a slightly curved early portion tapering nearly to a point. The aperture is ornate with a bifid tooth.

ELLIPSONODOSARIA NUTTALLI Cushman and Jarvis. var. GRACILLIMA Cushman and Jarvis (Pl. 9, figs. 14, 15)

Ellipsonodosaria nuttalli Cushman and Jarvis, var. gracillima Cushman and Jarvis, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 10, 1934, p. 72, pl. 10, fig. 7. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1938, p. 6.

This variety was described from the Cipero Section (Sta. 13) of Trinidad. The type figure was of a megalospheric specimen. Both megalospheric and microspheric forms are here figured. It occurs in all three zones of the Cipero and may prove to be a distinct species.

ELLIPSONODOSARIA MAPPA Cushman and Jarvis (Pl. 9, fig. 8)

Ellipsonodosaria mappa Cushman and Jarvis, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 10, 1934, p. 73, pl. 10, fig. 8.

The type figure is reproduced on our plate. The types are from the Cipero Section (Sta. 14) of Trinidad. In our material it occurs in Zone III. It is a very distinctive form and should make a characteristic fossil for this zone.

ELLIPSONODOSARIA SUBSPINOSA Cushman (Pl. 9, figs. 9, 10)

Ellipsonodosaria sp. Cushman and Jarvis, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 10, 1934, pl. 10, figs. 4, 5.

Ellipsonodosaria subspinosa Cushman, l. c., vol. 19, 1943, p. 92, pl. 16, figs. 6, 7.

This is a large, highly ornate species with the types from the “Green Clay,” Cipero Section. The type figures are reproduced on our plate. The species occurs in all three zones.

ELLIPSONODOSARIA CURVATURA (Cushman (Pl. 9, fig. 16)

Ellipsonodosaria curvatura Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 15, 1939, p. 71, pl. 12, fig. 6.

Specimens referable to this species occur in all three zones of the Cipero. The types of this and the following variety are from core samples from the Western Atlantic, referred to Eocene age.

ELLIPSONODOSARIA CURVATURA Cushman, var. SPINEA Cushman (Pl. 9, fig. 17)

Ellipsonodosaria curvatura Cushman, var. spinea Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 15, 1939, p. 71, pl. 12, figs. 7‑11.

This variety occurs with the typical form in all three zones of the Cipero formation.

ELLIPSONODOSARIA DECURTA Bermudez (Pl. 10, fig. 1)

Ellipsonodosaria decurta Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 11, 1937, p. 144, pl. 17, figs. 13, 14; vol. 12, 1938, p. 5.

Specimens from all three zones of the Cipero seem identical with this species, when compared with the types from the Eocene of Cuba.

ELLIPSONODOSARIA MODESTA Bermudez (Pl. 10, fig. 2)

Ellipsonodosaria modesta Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 11, 1937, p. 238, pl. 20, fig. 3; vol. 12, 1938, p. 6.

This species, described from the Eocene of Cuba, is present in all three zones.

ELLIPSONODOSARIA ANNULIFERA Cushman and Bermudez (Pl. 10, fig. 3)

Ellipsonodosaria annulifera Cushman and Bermudez, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 12, 1936, p. 28, pl. 5, figs. 8, 9. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1938, p. 5. —Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 15, 1939, p. 69. —Palmer, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 15, 1941, p. 188, pl. 15, fig. 2. —Martin, Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser., Geol. Sci., vol. 3, no. 3, 1943, p. 10 (list).

The types are from the Eocene of Cuba. It has been recorded also from the Oligocene of Cuba, from the Eocene of California, and from core samples from the Western Atlantic. Our Cipero specimens seem to have slightly larger chambers than the type-specimen, but are similar in the thickened sutures and other characters. They occur in Zones II and III.

ELLIPSONODOSARIA RECTA Palmer and Bermudez (Pl. 10, figs. 4, 5)

Ellipsonodosaria recta Palmer and Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1936, p. 297, pl. 18, figs. 6, 7.

The two figured specimens from Zone III are evidently the microspheric forms of this species, described from the Oligocene of Cuba. The adult chambers have a similar spinose ornamentation at the base.

Genus ELLIPSOGLANDULINA A. Silvestri, 1900

ELLIPSOGLANDULINA EXPONENS (H. B. Brady) (Pl. 10, fig. 8)

Ellipsoidina exponens H. B. Brady Ms. in Jukes‑Brown and Harrison, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 48, 1892, p. 198; in Guppy, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1894, p. 650, pl. 41, fig. 13.

Ellipsoglandulina exponens Nuttall, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 84, 1928, p. 95, pl. 6, fig. l7. —Cushman and Jarvis, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 4, 1928, p. 103, pl. 14, fig. 17; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 80, art. 14, 1932, p. 45, pl. 13, fig. 15 (not figs. 14, 16). —Galloway and Heminway, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., vol. 3, pt. 4, 1941, p. 441, pl. 36, fig. 1.

This species was originally described and figured from Trinidad. It occurs in all three zones of the Cipero formation and has been recorded from the Ponce formation of Porto Rico.

ELLIPSOGLANDULINA PRINCIPIENSIS Cushman and Bermudez (Pl. 10, fig. 10)

Ellipsoglandulina principiensis Cushman and Bermudez, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 13, 1937, p. 18, pl. 2, figs. 1‑3.

The types of this species are from the Eocene of Cuba. Specimens occur only in Zone I and are typical. It differs from the preceding species in the smaller, lower aperture, and less depressed sutures.

ELLIPSOGLANDULINA LABIATA (Schwager) (Pl. 10, fig. 9)

Glandulina labiata Schwager, Novara-Exped., Geol. Theil, vol. 2, 1866, p. 237, pl. 6, fig. 77.

Ellipsoglandulina labiata Schubert, Abhandl. geol. Reichsanst., vol. 20, 1911, p. 55. —Martinotti, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat, vol. 62, 1923, p. 343, pl. 7, fig. 53, text figs. 25-27. —A. Silvestri, Mem. Pont. Accad. Nuovi Lincei, ser. 2, vol. 6, 1923, p. 256. —Martinotti, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., vol. 64, 1925, p. 178, pl. 4, figs. 13-15 (not figs. 16, 17). —Nuttall, Journ. Pal., vol. 6, 1932, p. 24, pl. 4, fig. 17. —Cushman, Special Publ. No. 4, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., 1933, pl. 23, fig. 7. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1938, p. 4. —Cushman, Foraminifera, 3rd. Ed., 1940, pl. 23, fig. 7.

This species was described from the Pliocene of Kar Nicobar. It has been recorded from the later Tertiary of Italy and from the Oligocene of Trinidad and the Eocene of Cuba.

ELLIPSOGLANDULINA MULTICOSTATA (Galloway and Morrey) (Pl. 10, figs. 6, 7)

Daucina multicostata Galloway and Morrey, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 15, no. 55, 1929, p. 42, pl. 6, fig. 13.

Ellipsoglandulina multicostata Nuttall, Journ. Pal., vol. 6, 1932, p. 24, pl. 4, fig. 4. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 12, 1938, p. 5.

This species was described and figured from the Tertiary of Manta, Ecuador, and later figured by Nuttall from the Alazan shale of Mexico. Bermudez recorded it from the Eocene of Cuba. Typical specimens occur in all three zones of the Cipero formation.

A very similar species has been described by Parr from the Miocene of New Zealand, Ellipsoglandulina bensoni (Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zealand, vol. 65, 1935, p. 78, pl. 19, fig. 2). This would tend again to show the similarity of this Oligocene fauna to the later Tertiary of the Indo-Pacific region.

ELLIPSOGLANDULINA ROBUSTIOR Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. (Pl. 10, fig. 11)

Test about 1‑1/2 times as long as broad, base very broadly rounded, the earlier portion of the test often greater in diameter than the later portion, tapering slightly at the apertural end, circular in transverse section; chambers few, the last-formed one in the adult forming more than half the surface area; sutures not depressed; wall smooth; aperture terminal, with a high lip above. Length 0.50-0.65 mm.; diameter 0.32-0.40 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43847) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I.

The species is found in all three zones and is very constant in its characters. It may be distinguished from E. labiata (Schwager) by its very short, rounded form, broadly rounded base and nearly parallel sides.

Genus ELLIPSOIDINA Seguenza, 1859

ELLIPSOIDINA cf. ELLIPSOIDES Seguenza, var. ABBREVIATA Seguenza (Pl. 10, fig. 12)

Specimens of the genus Ellipsoidina occur in all three zones of the Cipero formation and may be referred to Seguenza’s variety. This form has already been recorded from the Eocene of Cuba and the Ponce formation of Porto Rico.

Genus ELLIPSOLAGENA A. Silvestri, 1923

ELLIPSOLAGENA LATA Wiesner (Pl. 10, fig. 13)

Ellipsolagena lata Wiesner, Deutsche Süd-Polar-Exped., vol. 20, Zool., 1929, p. 126, pl. 24, figs. k, l.

A few specimens from Zone II seem very much like the figures given by Wiesner of this species from the Antarctic. A few others from Zone I are similar but less typical.

ELLIPSOLAGENA BARRI Cushman and Stainforth. n. sp. (Pl. 10, fig. 14)

Test somewhat compressed, oval in outline, the base broadly rounded, semicircular in front view, with a slight spine at the middle, apertural end very slightly tapering, periphery with a narrow, subacute keel; wall smooth; aperture at one side, elongate, arched, with a rounded lip projecting into the opening from the ventral side, and an internal tube flaring at the inner end. Length 0.82-0.90 mm.; breadth 0.60-0.70 mm.; thickness 0.22-0.24 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43858) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone II, Sample Rz.108, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. It also occurs in typical form in Zones I and III.

This species differs from B. lata Wiesner in the narrower, blunter keel, the basal spine, and the much larger aperture. It holds its characters well in all three zones.

This species is named for Mr. K. W. Barr, whose geological mapping has clarified the stratigraphic relationships of the Cipero formation.

ELLIPSOLAGENA sp. (Pl. 10, fig. 15)

Two specimens from Zone III, one of which is figured, are somewhat like the preceding species, but the test is much less compressed, narrower, and with quite a different outline.

Family ROTALIIDAE

Genus ANNULOPATELLINA Parr and Collins, 1930

ANNULOPATELLINA ADVENA Cushman and Stainforth. a. sp. (Pl. 10, fig. 16)

Test small, the early portion spiral, forming a low cone, the later portion nearly flat and annular, ventral side concave except near the periphery which is acute and slightly keeled; chambers rather indistinct, the earlier spiral chambers undivided, later annular ones with occasional, radial partitions; sutures slightly limbate, not depressed; wall smooth; aperture a low opening in an irregular depression of the ventral side. Diameter 0.28-0.33 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43863) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. It occurs only in Zone III.

This species differs from the only other species, A. annularis (Parker and Jones), in its much smaller size, fewer chambers, lower conical shape, and obscure divisions in the annular chambers. The other species, A. annularis (Parker and Jones), is known only from off Australia and forms another connection between this fossil fauna and the living fauna of the South Pacific.

Genus DISCORBIS Lamarck, 1804

DISCORBIS CIPERENSIS Cushman and Stainforth. n. sp. (Pl. 10, fig. 17)

Test biconvex, dorsal side very slightly convex, spire low, ventral side deeply umbilicate, periphery broadly rounded; chambers of the last-formed whorl distinct, slightly inflated, averaging seven in number, increasing very little in size as added; sutures indistinct except in the final whorl, on the dorsal side nearly radial, very slightly curved, slightly depressed, ventrally strongly depressed; wall smooth, coarsely perforate; aperture a low opening running from near the periphery nearly to the umbilicus, with a distinct, narrow, overhanging lip. Diameter 0.75-0.90 mm.; thickness 0.30-0.35 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43865) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone I, Sample Rz.90, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. There are a few specimens from Zone I and it was not found in the other two zones.

This species differs from D. subaraucana Cushman in the narrower whorls, more open umbilical region, and more curved sutures.

Genus GYROIDINA d’Orbigny, 1826

GYROIDINA GIRARDANA (Reuss), (Pl. 10, fig. 18)

Rotalina girardana Reuss, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges., vol. 3, 1851, p. 73, pl. 5, fig. 34.

Gyroidina girardana Cushman, Journ. Pal., vol. 1, 1927, p. 164, pl. 25, figs. 7-9—Cole, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 14, no. 53, 1928, p. 215 (15). —Nuttall, Journ. Pal., vol. 4, 1930, p. 287; vol. 6, 1932, p. 25. —Palmer and Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1936, p. 300. —Palmer, 1. c., vol. 15, 1941, p. 191.

The types of this species are from the Oligocene of Hermsdorf, Germany. The Cipero specimens have been compared with topotypes and seem identical in all respects. It occurs in all three zones. There are records from the Oligocene and Eocene of Mexico and the Oligocene of Cuba.

GYROIDINA GIRARDANA (Reuss), var. PERAMPLA Cushman and Stainforth. n. var. (Pl. 10, fig. 19)

Variety differing from the typical in the much larger size, usually two more chambers in the adult whorl, and the apertural face of the last-formed chamber which in the variety is somewhat convex instead of flattened or concave as in the types of the species.

Holotype of variety (Cushman Coll. No. 43873) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone II, Sample Rz.108, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. This variety occurs with the typical form in all three zones, but seems to be distinct.

GYROIDINA COMPLANATA Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. (Pl. 11, fig. 2)

Test much compressed, the spire actually depressed below the final whorl on the dorsal side, ventral side umbilicate, periphery broadly rounded; chambers numerous, averaging fifteen in the adult whorl, not inflated, increasing very gradually in size as added; sutures distinct, not depressed, very slightly curved on the dorsal side, nearly radial on the ventral side; wall smooth and polished; aperture an elongate, narrow slit at the base of the last-formed chamber on the ventral side, extending from the periphery to the umbilicus. Diameter 0.65-0.80 mm.; thickness 0.40-0.44 mm. Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43879) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. It also occurs in Zones I and II.

The species differs from G. laevis d’Orbigny in the larger number of chambers, depressed spire, and very broadly rounded periphery.

 GYROIDINA ALTISPIRA Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. (Pl. 11, fig. 1)

Test with a high spire on the dorsal side and strongly convex on the ventral side, umbilicate, periphery slightly lobulate, rounded to subacute, whorls narrow, several visible on the dorsal side; chambers \of the last whorl distinct, eight to ten in the final whorl, increasing very gradually in size as added; sutures indistinct on the dorsal side except in the final whorl where they are slightly depressed, strongly oblique, on the ventral side distinct, slightly depressed, nearly radial; wall smooth; aperture at the ventral margin of the last-formed chamber, extending from slightly below, the periphery nearly to the umbilicus, with a slight enlargement near the peripheral end. Diameter 0.86-1.00 mm.; height 0.60-0.70 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43881) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. It occurs also in Zone II.

This species differs from C. girardana (Reuss) in the high spire, narrow peripheral angle, and larger number of chambers.

GYROIDINA JARVISI Cushman and Stainforth. n. sp. (Pl. 11, fig. 3)

Test very slightly convex on the dorsal side, more strongly so on the ventral side which is flattened at the base and distinctly umbilicate, periphery rounded; chambers distinct, averaging about ten in the adult whorl, not inflated on the dorsal side, slightly so on the ventral side, increasing very gradually in size as added; sutures distinct, depressed and nearly radial on the ventral side, dorsally oblique and somewhat limbate; wall smooth, coarsely perforate; aperture low, elongate, at the ventral margin of the last-formed chamber running from near the periphery to the umbilicus. Diameter 0.55-0.70 mm.; height 0.28-0.35 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43886) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. It also occurs in Zones I and II.

This species differs from C. complanata n. sp. in the fewer chambers to the whorl, more coarsely perforated wall, very prominent spiral suture, and less broadly rounded periphery.

This species is named in memory of the late P. W. Jarvis, amateur micropaleontologist, whose researches led to recognition of many previously unknown foraminifera in the Cipero marls.

Genus EPONIDES Montfort, 1808

EPONIDES UMBONATUS (Reuse) (Pl. 11, fig. 4)

The types of this species are from the Oligocene of Hermsdorf, Germany. Our Trinidad specimens have been compared with a large series of topotypes and are identical. It occurs in all three zones of the Cipero. There are a great many records for this species but all evidently do not refer to the same species. The peculiar bending of the sutures near the umbo is one of the very constant characters.

Genus SIPHONINA Reuss, 1850

SIPHONINA PULCHRA Cushman (Pl. 11, fig. 6)

Siphonina pulchra Cushman, Publ. 291, Carnegie Instit. Washington, 1919, p. 42, pl. 14, fig. 7; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 72, art. 20, 1927, p. 8, pl. 2, fig. 5. —Cole, Bull. 6, Florida State Geol. Survey, 1931, p. 51, pl. 4, fig. 2. —Pijpers, Geol. Pal. Bonaire, 1933, p. 70, text figs. 104-106. —Cushman, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 47, 1936, p. 424, pl. 3, fig. 7. —Coryell and Rivero, Journ. Pal., vol. 14, 1940, p. 337, pl. 43, fig. 23. —Palmer, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 15, 1941, p. 196.

Specimens from all three zones of the Cipero formation seem identical with this species when compared with the holotype from the Miocene of Cuba. It is recorded from the Pliocene of Florida, Miocene of Haiti, Oligocene and Eocene of Cuba, and the Eocene of Bonaire, as well as from the present ocean in the West Indian region. The figures indicate that more than one species is involved in the references given above.

Family CASSIDULINIDAE

Genus PULVINULINELLA Cushman, 1926

PULVINULINELLA MEXICANA Cole (Pl. 11, fig. 5)

Pulvinulinella culter Cushman (not Parker and Jones), Journ. Pal., vol. 1, 1927, p. 167, pl. 26, figs. 8, 9.

Pulvinulinella culter (Parker and Jones), var. mexicana Cole, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 14, no. 51, 1927, p. 31, pl. 1, figs. 15, 16; vol. 14, no. 53, 1928, p. 215 (15). —Nuttall, Journ. Pal., vol. 4, 1930, p. 293; vol. 6, 1932, p. 27. —Palmer and Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1936, p. 304. —Bermudez, l. c., vol. 12, 1938, p. 21. —Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 15, 1939, p. 72, pl. 12, fig. 15. —Franklin, Journ. Pal., vol. 18, 1944, p. 317, pl. 47, fig. 9.

This form, common in the Oligocene and Eocene of the West Indies, northern South America, and Mexico, seems distinct enough to be given specific rank. The dorsal side is elevated somewhat and is smooth. The keel is prominent in the earlier whorls as a broad, clear area. The test is large, measuring as much as 1.50 mm. in diameter. It occurs in all three zones of the Cipero.

The species is very close to P. bengalensis (Schwager) from the late Tertiary of the Pacific and may be found to be the same.

Young specimens often have a somewhat different appearance and fewer chambers, and may possibly represent another species. Such specimens were figured as “Pulvinulinella culter (Parker and Jones)” (Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929, p. 100, pl. 14, fig. 13) from Venezuela.

Genus CASSIDULINA d’Orbigny, 1826

CASSIDULINA SUBGLOBOSA H. B. Brady (Pl. 12, fig. 1)

Numerous specimens of this species occur in Zone I. From the many records, it is widely distributed in the Tertiary and Recent deposits. It is recorded from the Oligocene or Miocene of Trinidad, Cuba, Jamaica, Porto Rico, Venezuela, Ecuador, Mexico, and elsewhere.

CASSIDULINA SUBGLOBOSA H. B. Brady, var. HORIZONTALIS Cushman and Benz (Pl. 11, fig. 9)

Cassidulina subglobosa H. B. Brady, var. horizontalis Cushman and Renz, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 17, 1941, p. 26, pl. 4, fig. 8. —Renz, Proc. 8th Amer. Sci. Congress, 1942, pp. 546, 548, 560 (lists).

Specimens of this variety occur in all three zones of the Cipero formation. It is probable that some of the records for C. subglobosa from this general area should be referred to this variety, but an examination of specimens would be necessary to be certain.

CASSIDULINA CHIPOLENSIS Cushman and Ponton (Pl. 12, fig. 5)

Cassidulina chipolensis Cushman and Ponton, Bull. 9, Florida State Geol. Survey, 1932, p. 98, pl. 15, fig. 2.

In Zone I there are a number of very minute specimens with globular chambers, which have been compared with the type of this species from the Miocene of Florida and seem to be identical.

CASSIDULINA HAVANENSIS Cushman and Bermudez (Pl. 11, fig. 7)

Cassidulina havanensis Cushman and Bermudez, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 12, 1936, p. 36, pl. 6, fig. 11. —Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 11, 1937, p. 343.

Specimens from Zones I and III were compared with the holotype of this species and are identical. The types were from the upper Eocene of Cuba.

CASSIDULINA SPINIFERA Cushman and Jarvis (Pl. 11, fig. 10)

Cassidulina spinifera Cushman and Jarvis, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929, p. 17, pl. 3, fig. 1. —Renz, Proc. 8th Amer. Sci. Congress, 1942, p. 548 (list).

This species was originally described from the Cipero Section of Trinidad. It occurs in our material from Zones II and III. It was evidently a specialized species with a short vertical range and should make a good index fossil.

CASSIDULINA cf. CRASSA d’Orbigny (Pl. 11, fig 8)

A very few specimens from Zone I may belong to this species. They strongly resemble Oligocene specimens figured from Alabama (Cushman and McGlamery, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 189‑D, 1938, p. 111, pl. 28, fig. 4). At first glance these seem related to C. carapitana Hedberg from the Oligocene of Venezuela, but a comparison with the holotype of that species shows that the chambers are quite different in shape.

CASSIDULINA cf. GLOBOSA Hantken (Pl. 12, fig. 4)

Also from Zone I are a few specimens, one of which is figured, which may be referred to Hantken’s species.

CASSIDULINA CAUDRIAE Cushman and Stainforth. n. sp. (Pl. 12, figs. 2, 3)

Test somewhat compressed, periphery broadly rounded; chambers few, inflated, three pairs composing the adult whorl, only two pairs in the earlier stages, broad, slightly inflated, extending over only slightly on the opposite side; sutures distinct, very slightly depressed, slightly limbate in the early stages; wall smooth; aperture large and broad with a large, semicircular, flattened tooth. Length of holotype 0.62 mm.; breadth 0.52 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43918) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone I, Sample Rz.90, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I.

This species strongly resembles C. rarilocula Cushman, a common species in fairly deep water in the Pacific. Compared with the holotype of that species our Trinidad one is somewhat thicker, is much larger, and has a very different aperture with its broad tooth.

This species is named for Dr. Bramine Caudri in recognition of her contributions to our knowledge of the age of the Cipero formation.

Genus CASSIDULINOIDES Cushman, 1927

CASSIDULINOIDES Bradyi (Norman) (Pl. 12, fig. 6)

Cassidulina bradyi Norman, Ms. in Wright, Proc. Belfast Nat. Field Club, App., 1880, p. 152. —H. B. Brady, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., vol. 21, 1881, p. 59; Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 431, pl. 54, figs. 6-9 (not fig. 10); Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc., 1887, p. 901. —Wright, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 4, 1889, p. 448; Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., ser. 3, vol. 1, 1891, p. 476. —Pearcey, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, vol. 2, 1890, p. 177. —Goës, Kongl. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl., vol. 25, no. 9, 1894, p. 44, pl. 8, figs. 423-426. —Cushman, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 2, 1911, p. 99, text fig. 153. —Heron-Allen and Earland, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., vol. 31, pt. 64, 1913, p. 70; Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc., 1916, p. 44; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, vol. 11, 1916, p. 241. —Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1922, p. 128, pl. 23, figs. 6, 7. —Heron-Allen and Earland, British Antarctic Exped., Zoology, vol. 6, 1922, p. 139. —Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 1, pt. 3, 1925, p. 52, pl. 8, figs. 3-5.

Cassidulinoides bradyi Cushman, Bull. 4, Florida State Geol. Survey, 1930, p. 58, pl. 11, fig. 8. —Cushman and Ponton, 1. c., Bull. 9, 1932, p. 98. —Cushman and Cahill, U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 175‑A, 1933, p. 33, pl. 12, fig. 4. —Palmer and Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1936, p. 306. —Phleger, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 50, 1939, p. 1421, pl. 2, fig. 9. —Ellisor, Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol., vol. 24, no. 3, 1940, pl. 6, fig. 5. —LeRoy, Colorado School Mines Quart., vol. 36, no. 1, pt. 2, 1941, p. 85, pl. 6, figs. 18, 19. —Palmer, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 15, 1941, p. 283.

Bulimina squamosa d’Orbigny, var. subsquamosa Goës (not Egger) (part), Kongl. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl., vol. 19, no. 4, 1882, p. 69, pl. 4, figs. 111-113 (?) (not 109, 110).

Specimens occur rarely in Zone I of the Cipero formation. The species has been widely recorded and is subject to some variation, but in general, from the figures and material available, it is reasonably constant over its wide range.

Genus EHRENBERGINA Reuss, 1850

EHRENBERGINA sp.

Single specimens from Zones I and II are very small and evidently immature. One of these has basal spines, but there are a number of spinose species recorded from this general region and, without the adult stages, it is impossible to give specific identification to either form.

Family CHILOSTOMELLIDAE

Genus CHILOSTOMELLOIDES Cushman, 1926

CHILOSTOMELLOIDES OVICULA Nuttall (Pl. 12, fig. 7)

Chilostomelloides ovicula Nuttall, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 84, 1928, p. 78, pl. 3, figs. 20, 21, text fig. 2.

A single specimen, very similar to Nuttall’s figure 20, occurs in Zone III. The types were from the Tertiary of Trinidad. This species seems distinct from C. oviformis (Sherborn and Chapman) which has been recorded from the Alazan shales of Mexico.

Genus PULLENIA Parker and Jones, 1862

PULLENIA BULLOIDES (d’Orbigny) (Pl. 12, fig. 10)

(For references, see Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 19, 1943, p. 13.)

This is a widely recorded species. Specimens from all three, zones seem to belong here.

PULLENIA QUINQUELOBA (Reuss) (Pl. 12, fig. 9)

(For references, see Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 19, 1943, p. 10.)

Rare specimens from all three zones seem to come within the range of this species which is widely distributed, according to the records.

PULLENIA COMPRESSIUSCULA Reuss (Pl. 12, fig. 8)

(For references, see Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 19, 1943, p. 12.)

A very few specimens from Zone III have the characters of this species, but are much larger than the typical form of Reuss’s species.

PULLENIA TRINITATENSIS Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. (Pl. 12, fig. 11)

Test strongly compressed, periphery slightly lobulated, broadly rounded, umbilical region slightly depressed; chambers six or seven in the adult coil, increasing very gradually and rather evenly in size as added, the inner end at the umbilical region slightly keeled; sutures very distinct, slightly limbate, especially in the early stages, very slightly curved, depressed very slightly if at all; wall smooth; aperture low, extending to the umbilicus, apertural face of medium height. Length 0.45-0.65 mm.; breadth 0.40-0.55 mm.; thickness 0.25-0.30 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No 43937) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone I, Sample Rz.90, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. The species also occurs in Zone III.

This species differs from P. alazanensis Cushman in the larger size, larger number of chambers, and the umbilicate central region distinctly depressed.

Genus SPHAEROIDINA d’Orbigny, 1826

SPHAEROIDINA VARIABILIS Reuss (Pl. 12, fig. 14)

Sphaeroidina variabilis Reuss, Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges., vol. 3, 1851, p. 88, pl. 7, figs. 61-64; Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 62, pt. 1, 1870, p. 488, in von Schlicht, Foram. Sept. Pietzpuhl, 1870, pl. 22, figs. 24-29. —Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929, p. 101, pl. 14, fig. 15. —Barbat and von Estorff, Journ. Pal., vol. 7, 1933, p. 173, pl. 23, fig. 19. —Hedberg, l. c., vol. 11, 1937, p. 681, pl. 92, fig. 9. —Franklin, 1. c., vol. 18, 1944, p. 317, pl. 48, fig. 3.

Sphaeroidina bulloides, var. chilostomata Galloway and Morrey, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 15, no. 55, 1929, p. 32, pl. 5, fig. 1.

Specimens referable to S. variabilis Reuss occur in all three zones of the Cipero formation. Some of them are quite large for the genus, measuring 1 mm. in diameter. The earlier coil is visible in this species in varying degrees. After a comparison with topotypes of S. bulloides d’Orbigny, S. austriaca d’Orbigny, and S. variabilis Reuss, our material seems most closely related to Reuss’ species. References are given to figured specimens which seem to belong here.

Family GLOBIGERINIDAE

Genus GLOBIGERINA d’Orbigny, 1826

GLOBIGERINA VENEZUELANA Hedberg (Pl. 12, fig. 13)

Globigerina venezuelana Hedberg, Journ. Pal., vol. 11, 1937, p. 681, pl. 92, fig. 7. —Palmer, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 15, 1941, p. 286.

Specimens from all three zones of the Cipero have been compared with the holotype and seem identical. The types are from the Oligocene of Venezuela and it has also been recorded from the Oligocene of Cuba. Specimens from Zone I usually have but three chambers in the final whorl instead of four as in the typical form in the other two zones.

GLOBIGERINA cf. CONCINNA Reuss (Pl. 13, fig. 1)

A form common in Zone I may be referred to this species described from the Miocene of Austria. Nuttall has recorded it from the Alazan shales of Mexico (Journ. Pal., vol. 6, 1932, p. 29, pl. 6, figs. 9-11) and Franklin from the Oligocene, Carapita formation, of Venezuela (l. c., vol. 18, 1944, p. 317, pl. 48, fig. 5).

GLOBIGERINA cf. INFLATA d’Orbigny (Pl. 12, fig. 12)

Rare specimens from Zone III are somewhat like d’Orbigny’s species. They resemble the figures referred by Galloway and Heminway to G. ouachitaensis Howe and Wallace (New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., vol. 3, pt. 4, 1941, p. 412, pl. 29, fig. 4) from Porto Rico.

GLOBIGERINA DISSIMILIS Cushman and Bermudez (Pl. 13, fig. 2)

Globigerina dissimilis Cushman and Bermudez, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 13, 1937, p. 25, pi. 3, figs. 4-6.

The types of this species are from the Eocene of Cuba. Specimens from Zone I were compared with the types and seem the same.

GLOBIGERINA cf. BULLOIDES d’Orbigny (Pl. 13, fig. 4)

A few specimens from all three zones may be referred here with considerable question. They may possibly be only young specimens of some other species.

GLOBIGERINA cf. DIGITATA H. B. Brady (Pl. 13, fig. 5)

A series of specimens from Zone III are in some respects similar to this species. The wall is very thick and coarsely perforate and in the larger specimens there are elongate chambers, such as here figured, which suggest this species. It was recorded by Nuttall from the Tertiary of Trinidad but without figures (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 84, 1928, p. 96).

Genus GLOBIGERINOIDES Cushman, 1927

GLOBIGERINOIDES RUBRA (d’Orbigny)

Very typical specimens of this well known species occur in Zone II.

GLOBIGERINOIDES SACCULIFERA (H. B. Brady) (Pl. 13, fig. 3)

In Zones II and III specimens occur which are evidently either the young stages of this species or a primitive variety which has not developed the very long adult chambers. In some respects they resemble the form named var. immatura by LeRoy from the Miocene of Sumatra (Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl.-Indie, vol. 99, 1939, p. 263, pl. 3, figs. 19-21).

GLOBIGERINOIDES CONGLOBATA (H. B. Brady) (Pl. 13, fig. 6)

Specimens from Zones II and III are either young specimens or a primitive form of this species. A few of the specimens show the supplementary apertures on the dorsal side. From the series of specimens it is suggested that this form may represent the ancestral stages of Candorbulina. A few of the specimens have suggestions of small circular pores along the final suture similar to those found in Candorbulina. They also suggest a relationship to Globigerina mexicana Cushman.

Genus GLOBIGERINATELLA Cushman and Stainforth, new genus

Genoholotype: Globigerinatella insueta Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp.

Test trochoid, adult generally spherical in shape, in the early adult stages with rounded, supplementary chambers developed along the sutural lines, and later with elongate chambers covering the earlier sutures and with numerous, low, rounded openings on both sides along the margins. —Tertiary.

This genus is probably developed from Globigerinoides with the addition of the supplementary chambers with their numerous marginal apertures. It may also be related to Candorbulina.

GLOBIGERINATELLA INSUETA Cushman and Stainforth. n. sp. (Pl. 13, figs. 7-9)

Test in the adult spherical, in the early stages trochoid; chambers increasing rapidly in size as added, in the early adult stages often with a linear series of rounded, raised areas along and close to the sutures, in later adult stages with elongate, supplementary chambers covering the earlier sutures; wall finely cancellated; apertures in the adult small, semicircular, along both margins of the supplementary chambers and rather evenly spaced. Diameter 0.35-0.50 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 44040) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone II, Sample Rz.108, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I.

This species and its genus form a unique development in this family and were evidently a specialized development that did not persist to the Recent oceans.

Genus HASTIGERINELLA Cushman, 1927

HASTIGERINELLA EOCENICA Nuttall (Pl. 13, fig. 11)

Hastigerinella eocenica Nuttall, Journ. Pal., vol. 2, 1928, p. 376, pl. 50, figs. 9-11. —Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 6, 1930, p. 18, pl. 3, figs. 6, 7. —Church, Rep’t. State Min. Calif., 1931, p. 206, pl. B, fig. 8. —Renz, Proc. 8th Amer. Sci. Congress, 1942, p. 537 (list).

Fragmentary specimens from Zone III seem identical with the types of this species described from the Eocene of Mexico. It has also been recorded from the Tertiary of Trinidad and the Eocene of California.

Genus CANDORBULINA Jedlitschka, 1933

CANDORBULINA UNIVERSA Jedlitschka (Pl. 13, fig 10)

Candorbulina universa Jedlitschka, Verb. Nat. Ver. Brünn, 65 J., 1934 (1933), p. 21, text figs. 1-7, 19, 21-23; 1. c., 1934 (1935), p. 8. —Cushman and Dorsey, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 16, 1940, pp. 40-42, pl. 8, figs. 1-9. —Cushman, Foraminifera, 3rd. Ed., 1940, Key, pl. 48, figs. 17-19. —Renz, Proc. 8th Amer. Sci. Congress, 1942, pp. 548, 556, 560 (lists).

Specimens from Zone III seem to definitely belong in this genus. It is the earliest appearance of this genus, nearly all other records being from the Miocene. Zone III, it may be noted, is the youngest of the three zones and the forms already noted under Globigerinoides conglobata (H. B. Brady) form a very interesting series which may show the stages in the evolution of this genus.

Family GLOBOROTALIIDAE.

Genus GLOBOROTALIA Cushman, 1927

GLOBOROTALIA CANARIENSIS (d’Orbigny) (Pl. 13, fig. 12)

Fossil records for this species include the Tertiary of Ecuador, Venezuela, Trinidad, and Haiti as well as California and Sumatra. Specimens are fairly common in Zone III of the Cipero.

GLOBOROTALIA FOHSI Cushman and Ellisor (Pl. 13. fig 13)

Globorotalia fohsi Cushman and Ellisor, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 15, 1939, p. 12, pl. 2, fig. 6. —Ellisor, Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petr. Geol., vol. 24, no. 3, 1940, pl. 3, fig. 1. —Palmer, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 15, 1941, p. 291, pl. 29, fig. 3.

The types of this species are from the Miocene of Louisiana and it occurs also in the upper Oligocene, Cojimar formation, of Cuba. Typical specimens occur in Zone III.

GLOBOROTALIA BARISSANENSIS LeRoy (Pl. 13, fig. 15)

Globorotalia barissanensis LeRoy, Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl.-Indie, vol. 99, 1939, p. 265, pl. 1, figs. 8, 9, 10; Colorado School Mines Quart., vol. 39, no. 3, pt. 1, 1944, p. 41, pl. 2, figs. 43-45; pl. 6, figs. 34-36.

The types of this species are from the Miocene of Central Sumatra. Our specimens from Zone III, when compared with topotypes, seem identical. This is not an unusual relationship, as a number of the Cipero species are found in the late Tertiary of the Indo-Pacific.

GLOBOROTALIA PRAEMENARDII Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. (Pl. 13, fig. 14)

Test trochoid, dorsal side slightly convex, especially in the early portion, flattened toward the periphery, ventral side more strongly convex, periphery with a very slightly developed, narrow keel; chambers indistinct on the dorsal side of the early portion, except the last two or three, more inflated and distinct on the ventral side, about five in the final whorl; sutures indistinct on the dorsal side, curved, on the ventral side depressed and nearly radial; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture a low, elongate opening on the ventral edge of the last-formed chamber. Length of holotype 0.55 mm.; breadth 0.42 mm.; thickness 0.28 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 43978) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. It also occurs in Zone II.

This species is evidently the ancestral form of G. menardii d’Orbigny and differs in the smaller size, thicker test, less distinct chambers and sutures, and very slight development of a peripheral keel. It is possible that some of the Oligocene records for G. menardii may belong to this species. Typical G. menardii apparently appeared in the Miocene.

Family ANOMALINIDAE

Genus ANOMALINA d’Orbigny, 1826

ANOMALINA POMPILIOIDES Galloway and Heminway (Pl. 14, fig. 1)

Anomalina pompilioides Galloway and Heminway, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., vol. 3, pt. 4, 1941, p. 389, pl. 22, fig. 3.

Anomalina grosserugosa Cole (not Gümbel), Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 14, no. 53, 1928, p. 218 (18), pl. 1, figs. 16, 17. —Nuttall, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 84, 1928, p. 99, pl. 7, figs. 18, 19.

This species was described from the Oligocene, Cibao formation, of Porto Rico and mentioned as rare. Evidently only young specimens were obtained there, as our specimens measure as much as 1.25 mm. in length and 0.87 mm. in thickness, or more than three times the size given for the Porto Rico specimens. We have a fairly large series from all three zones of the Cipero. Young specimens measure about the same as the holotype and are very closely coiled. The adult gradually uncoils in development so that more of the early chambers are seen on the dorsal side in the final stage. Anomalina grosserugosa Gümbel has been much misunderstood as shown by topotype specimens. Cole’s specimens are from the Chapapote formation of Mexico and Nuttall’s from the Tertiary of Trinidad.

ANOMALINA SUBBADENENSIS Moors (Pl. 14, fig. 2)

Anomalina subbadenensis Pijpers; Geol. Pal. Bonaire, 1933, p. 72, text figs. 116-120.

Specimens from Zones II and III are very similar to the form from the Eocene of the Island of Bonaire.

ANOMALINA ALAZANENSIS Nuttall. var. SPISSIFORMIS Cushman and Stainforth. n. var. (Pl. 14, fig. 5)

Variety differing from the typical in the larger size and much thicker and more closely coiled test with a rounded periphery.

Holotype of variety (Cushman Coll. No. 43987) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. It also occurs in Zones I and II. A comparison of these Trinidad specimens with Nuttall’s type specimens shows distinct differences, although the two are evidently related.

Genus PLANULINA d’Orbigny, 1826

PLANULINA cf. WUELLERSTORFI (Schwager) (Pl. 14, fig. 6)

Specimens from Zones II and III of the Cipero formation show a series of developmental stages which are related to this species, the types of which are from the Pliocene of Kar Nicobar. The species has been recorded widely, but not all of the figures seem to represent the same species.

PLANULINA MARIALANA Hadley (Pl. 14. fig 3)

Planulina marialana Hadley, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 20, no. 70A, 1934, p. 27, pl. 4, figs. 4-6. —Palmer and Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1936, p. 313, pl. 20, figs. 10-12. —Bermudez, 1. c., vol. 12, 1938, p. 18. —Galloway and Heminway, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., vol. 3, pt. 4, 1941, p. 399, pl. 25, fig. 4.

Specimens from Zones II and III have been compared with paratypes from Hadley and seem identical. The types were from the Oligocene of Cuba and it has been recorded also from the Eocene of Cuba and the Ponce formation of Porto Rico.

PLANULINA ILLINGI (Nuttall) (Pl. 14, fig. 4)

Truncatulina illingi Nuttall, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 84, 1928, p. 99, pl. 7, figs. 11, 17, text fig. 5.

Specimens from all three zones of the Cipero evidently belong to this species described by Nuttall from Trinidad. It does not seem to be the same as the form figured under this name from the Miocene of California as “Cibicides illingi” by Kleinpell (Miocene Stratig. Calif., 1938, p. 354, pl. 19, fig. 10; pl. 20, figs. 18-20).

PLANULINA RENZI Cushman and Stainforth. is. sp. (Pl. 15, fig. 1)

Test strongly compressed, periphery acute, with a thin, clear keel, dorsal side nearly flat or slightly convex, ventral side usually slightly more strongly convex, earlier coil showing slightly on the ventral side; chambers distinct, narrow, numerous, as many as eighteen in the final whorl, strongly curved, increasing very gradually in size as added; sutures distinct, strongly limbate, broad and raised above the general surface, widest near the inner end; wall coarsely perforate, the central part of the dorsal side ornamented with several, raised bosses fusing with the raised sutures, the remainder of the test with the sutures prominently raised; aperture a narrow opening, somewhat arched, at the periphery of the test and extending slightly onto the dorsal side. Length 1.35-1.55 mm.; breadth 1.10-1.37 mm.; thickness 0.50-0.60 mm.

Holotype (Cushman Coll. No 44002) from the Oligocene, Cipero formation, Zone III, Sample Rz.425, Cipero Coast, Trinidad, B. W. I. The species also occurs in Zones I and II.

This is a very distinctive species. It differs from P. marialana Hadley in the definite, thin keel, raised and thickened sutures, and greater number of chambers.

This elegant species is named for Dr. H. H. Renz in recognition of his contributions to Antillean and South American stratigraphy, and of much technical assistance during the compilation of this paper.

Genus LATICARININA Galloway and Wissler, 1927

LATICARININA BULLBROOKI Cushman and Todd (Pl. 15, fig. 2)

Laticarinina bullbrooki Cushman and Todd, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 18, 1942, p. 19, pl. 4, figs. 8, 9.

The types of this species are from the Miocene of Trinidad. It occurs in all three zones of the Cipero.

Genus CIBICIDES Montfort, 1808

CIBICIDES MEXICANUS Nuttall (Pl. 15, fig. 5)

Cibicides mexicanus Nuttall, Journ. Pal., vol. 6, 1932, p. 33, pl. 9, figs. 7-9. —Hadley, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 20, no. 70A, 1934, p. 28, pl. 4, figs. 7, 8. —Palmer and Bermudez, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1936, p. 315. —Bermudez, l. c., vol. 11, 1937, p. 344. —Galloway and Heminway, New York Acad. Sci., Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Ids., vol. 3, pt. 4, 1941, p. 394, pl. 22, fig. 5. —Bandy, Journ. Pal., vol. 18, 1944, p. 375, pl. 62, fig. 2.

Specimens from Zones I and III may be placed with this species after a comparison with the types. There is some variation in the amount, of convexity as in other species of this genus. The types are from the Alazan shales of Mexico. It has been recorded from the Oligocene and Eocene of Cuba, the Ponce formation of Porto Rico, and the Eocene of Oregon.

CIBICIDES COOKEI Cushman and Garrett (Pl. 15, fig. 4)

Cibicides cookei Cushman and Garrett, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 14, 1938, p. 65, pl. 11, fig. 3.

Specimens from all three zones compare well with the type specimens of this species described from the Oligocene of Alabama. There is some variation in the number of chambers, with as many as ten in the adult whorl of some large specimens. In size they agree well with the types and also in the strongly limbate sutures and coarsely perforate test.

CIBICIDES CICATRICOSA (Schwager) (Pl. 15, fig. 6)

Anomalina cicatricosa Schwager, Novara-Exped., Geol. Theil, vol. 2, 1866, p. 260, pl. 7, fig. 108, text fig. 4. —Cushman, Journ. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol. 46, no. 546, 1939, p. 153 (43), pl. 10 (6), fig. 19.

Cibicides cicatricosa Cushman, Bull. 119, Bernice P. Bishop Mus., 1934, p. 137, pl. 18, fig. 1.

Our specimens from all three zones of the Cipero formation are identical with topotypes of this species from the Pliocene of Kar Nicobar.

Schwager’s figure was evidently somewhat conventionalized. Not all of the forms referred to this species belong here, as shown by the figures.

CIBICIDES cf. ATRATIENSIS Tolmachoff (Pl. 15 fig. 3)

Specimens from all three zones, similar to that figured, have some of the characters of Tolmachoff’s species described from the Miocene, Atrato River, Colombia. The species is rather variable from the specimens available.

LIST OF LITERATURE CONTAINING REFERENCES
TO THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE CIPERO TYPE SECTION

1.   1867 onwards. Guppy, R. J. L. Numerous papers of little but historical interest. Partly reprinted by C. D. Harris in Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 8, no. 35, 1921, 198 pp., 10 pls.

2.   1928 Nuttall, W. L. F. Tertiary foraminifera from the Naparima region of Trinidad (British West Indies). Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 84, pp. 57-115, pls. 3.8.

3.   1929 Cushman, J. A., and Jarvis, p. W. New foraminifera from Trinidad. Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, pp. 6-17, pls. 2, 3.

4.   1930 Cushman J. A., and Ozawa, Y. A monograph of the foraminiferal family Polymorphinidae, recent and fossil. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 77, art. 6, pp. 1-185, pls. 1-40.

5.   1934 Cushman, J. A., and Jarvis, p. W. Some interesting new uniserial foraminifera from Trinidad. Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 10, pp. 71-75, pl. 10.

6.   1936 Cushman, J. A., and Parker, F. L. Some American Eocene Buliminas. Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 12, pp. 39-45, pls. 7, 8 (part).

7.   1936 Cushman, J. A. New species of the families Verneuilinidae and Valvulinidae and of the subfamily Virgulininae. Spec. Publ. No. 6, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., pp. 1-71, pls. 1-8.

8.   1937 Cushman, J. A. A monograph of the foraminiferal family Verneuilinidae. Spec. Publ. No. 7, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., pp. 1-157, pls. 1-20.

9.   1937 Cushman, J. A. A monograph of the foraminiferal family Valvulinidae. Spec. Publ. No. 8, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., pp. 1-210, pls. 1-24.

10. 1941 Vaughan, T. W., and Cole, W. S. Preliminary report on the Cretaceous and Tertiary larger foraminifera of Trinidad, British West Indies. Spec. Paper No. 30, Geol. Soc. Amer., pp. 1-137, pls. 1-46.

11. 1942 Renz, H. H. Stratigraphy of northern South America, Trinidad, and Barbados. Proc. 8th Amer. Sci. Congress, vol. 4, Geol. Sci., pp. 513-571 (includes extracts from unpublished reports by R. Rutsch, Basel).

12. 1943 Cushman, J. A. Some new foraminifera from the Island of St. Croix. Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 19, pp. 90-93, pl. 16 (part).


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1 (above)

    Figs.                                                                                                                                  

     1, 2.      Astrorhiza cf. vermiformis Goës. x 25

         3.      Rhabdammina discreta H. B. Brady. x 25

         4.      Rhizammina indivisa H. B. Brady. x 25

         5.      Saccammina sphaerica M. Sars. x 25

     6, 7.      Hyperammina cf. elongata H. B. Brady. x 25

         8.      Hormosina globulifera H. B. Brady. x 25

         9.      H. glabra Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 25

10, 11.      Ammodiscus cf. incertus (d’Orbigny). x 25

12, 13.      Glomospira charoides (Jones and Parker). x 25

       14.      Ammolagena clavata (Parker and Jones). x 25

       15.      Ammovertella retrorsa Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 25

       16.      Trochamminoides cf. irregularis White. x 25

       17.      Cyclammina cancellata H. B. Brady. x 25

       18.      Haplophragmoides carinatum Cushman and Renz. x 40

19, 20.      Textularia leuzingeri Cushman and Renz. x 40

21, 22.      Vulvulina  guppyi Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 25. 21, Paratype. 22, Holotype

       23.      Gaudryina flintii Cushman. x 25

24, 25.      Clavulinoides eucarinatus Cushman and Bermudez. x 40

       26.      C. excurrens Cushman and Bermudez. x 25

       27.      Vulvulina jarvisi Cushman. x 25

       28.      V. spinosa Cushman. x 25

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 2 (above)

    Figs.                                                                                                                                  

      1-3.      Gaudryina pseudocollinsi Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 25. 1, Holotype. 2, 3, Paratypes

         4.      Valvulina flexilis Cushman and Renz. x 25

         5.      Dorothia brevis Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 25. a, side view; b, apertural view

     6, 7.      Karreriella chilostoma (Reuss). 6, x 40. 7, x 25

     8, 9.      K. mexicana (Nuttall). x 25

       10.      K. alticamera Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 25. a, side view; b, apertural view

       11.      K. subcylindrica (Nuttall). x 25

       12.      Tritaxilina mexicana Cushman. x 25

       13.      Schenckiella petrosa (Cushman and Bermudez). x 25

       14.      Quinqueloculina cf. lamarckiana d’Orbigny. x 40.

  15-17.      Spiroloculina alveata Cushman and Todd. x 40

       18.      Triloculina trigonula (Lamarck). x 40

       19.      Sigmoilina tenuis (Czjzek). x 40

       20.      S. schlumbergeri A. Silvestri. x 40

       21.      Pyrgo cf. inornata (d’Orbigny). x 40

       22.      P. murrhina (Schwager). x 40

       23.      Robulus clericii (Fornasini). x 25

       24.      R. cf. alato-limbatus (Gümbel). x 25

       25.      R. occidentalis (Cushman), var. torridus (Cushman). x 25

       26.      Schenckiella suteri Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 25. a, front view; b, apertural view

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3 (above)

    Figs.                                                                                                                                  

         1.      Robulus cf. submamilligerus (Cushman). x 25

         2.      R. occidentalis (Cushman), var. glabratus (Cushman). x 25

      3-5.      R. plummerae Cole. 3, x 25. 4, 5, x 40

     6, 7.      Marginulina sublituus (Nuttall), var. multicamerata Cushman and Stainforth, n. var. x 25. 6, Holotype. 7, Paratype

         8.      M. laeviuscula Cushman and Bermudez. x 25

         9.      M. cf. abbreviata Neugeboren. x 25

       10.      M. cf. asperuliformis (Nuttall). x 25

11, 12.      Dentalina cf. mucronata Neugeboren. x 25

       13.      D. havanensis Cushman and Bermudez. x 25

       14.      D. cf. cooperensis Cushman. x 25

  15-17.      D. semilaevis Hantken. x 25

       18.      D. soluta Reuss. x 25

  19-21.      Nodosaria longiscata d’Orbigny. x 25. 19, 20, Early stages with proloculum. 21, Later adult chambers

       22.      N. cf. pyrula d’Orbigny. x 25

23, 24.      N. lamellata Cushman and Stainforth, new name. x 25.

       25.      N. stainforthi Cushman and Renz. x 25

       26.      Chrysalogonium longicostatum Cushman and Jarvis. x 25

       27.      C. breviloculum Cushman and Jarvis. x 25

       28.      C. tenuicostatum Cushman and Bermudez. x 25

       29.      C. lanceolum Cushman and Jarvis. x 25

       30.      C. elongatum Cushman and Jarvis. x 25

       31.      C. ciperense Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 25

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 4 (above)

    Figs.                                                                                                                                  

         1.      Pseudoglandulina ovata (Cushman and Applin). x 25

         2.      P. cf. manifesta (Reuss). x 25

         3.      P. gallowayi Cushman. x 25

         4.      Saracenaria cf. schencki Cushman and Hobson. x 25.

         5.      S. cf. acutauricularis (Fichtel and Moll). x 25

         6.      S. sp. x 25

         7.      Lagena acuticosta Reuss. x 55

         8.      L. semicostata Stoltz. x 55

         9.      L. asperoides Galloway and Morrey. x 25

       10.      L. nuttalli Galloway and Heminway. x 25

       11.      L. trinitatensis Nuttall. x 55

       12.      L. pulcherrima Cushman and Jarvis. x 25

       13.      L. pulcherrima Cushman and Jarvis, var. enitens Cushman and Stainforth, n. var. x 25

       14.      L. striata (d’Orbigny), var. intermedia Rzehak. x 55

       15.      L. striata (d’Orbigny), var. basisenta Cushman and Stainforth, n var. x'55

       16.      L. crenata Parker and Jones, var. capistrata Cushman and Stainforth, n. var. x 55.

       17.      L. cf. lagenoides (Williamson), var. tenuisistriata H. B. Brady. x 55

       18.      L. ciperensis Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 55

       19.      L. tetragona Parker and Jones x 55

       20.      L. waringi Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 40

       21.      L. cf. hispida Reuss. x 40

       22.      L. cf. laevis (Montagu). x 55

23, 24.      L. rutschi Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 55. 23,. Holotype. 24, Paratype.

25, 26.      Guttulina byramensis (Cushman). x 25

27, 28.      G. jarvisi Cushman and Ozawa. x 25

  29-31.      G. lehneri Cushman and Ozawa. 29, 30, x 25. 31, x 40

32, 33.      Pyrulina cylindroides (Roemer), var. curvatura Cushman and Stainforth, n. var. x 40. 32, Paratype. 33, Holotype

       34.      P. cf. cylindroides (Roemer). x 40

       35.      Guttulina caudata d’Orbigny. x 25

       36.      Globulina cf. inaequalis Reuss. x 25

       37.      G. inaequalis Reuss, var. caribaea d’Orbigny. x 40

       38.      Pyrulina cf. labiata (Schwager). x 25

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 5 (above)

    Figs.                                                                                                                                  

         1.      Pyrulina extensa (Cushman). x 25

         2.      P. cf. acuminata d’Orbigny. x 25

         3.      P. cf. cylindroides (Roemer). x 40

         4.      Glandulina cf. laevigata d’Orbigny. x 25

         5.      Sigmomorphina trinitatensis Cushman and Ozawa. x 25

         6.      S. flintii (Cushman). x 25

         7.      Pseudopolymorphina cf. ovalis Cushman and Ozawa. x 25

         8.      Nonion pompilioides (Fichtel and Moll). x 55

         9.      N. havanense Cushman and Bermudez. x 55.

       10.      Bolivinopsis cubensis (Cushman and. Bermudez). x 40

       11.      Plectofrondicularia spinifera Cushman and Jarvis. x 40

       12.      P. cookei Cushman. x 55

       13.      P. vaughani Cushman. x 40.

       14.      P. ruthvenmurrayi Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 40

  15-17.      P. morreyae Cushman. 15, x 38. 16, 17, x 55

       18.      P. morreyae Cushman, var. exigua Cushman and Stainforth, n. var. x 40

       19.      P. mexicana (Cushman). x 55

       20.      P. alazanensis Cushman. x 40

  21-23.      P. nuttalli Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 40. 22, Holotype. 21, 23, Paratypes. a, front view; 6, end view of broken specimen

       24.      P. nuttalli Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp., var. acuta Cushman and Stainforth, n. var. x 40

       25.      Nodogenerina havanensis Cushman and Bermudez. x 55

       26.      N. rohri Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 25

       27.      Rectogümbelina inopinata Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 55. a, front view; b, apertural view.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 6 (above)

    Figs.                                                                                                                                 

         1.      Buliminella grata Parker and Bermudez. x 40

         2.      Bulimina alazanensis Cushman. x 55

         3.      B. macilenta Cushman and Parker. x 40

         4.      B. bleeckeri Hedberg. x 40

         5.      B. jarvisi Cushman and Parker. x 40

         6.      B. tuxpamensis Cole. x 25

7.       B. (Desinobulimina) illingi Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 25. a, front view; 6, apertural view

    8-10.      Entosolenia cf. marginata (Walker and Boys). 8, 9, x 55. 10, x 40

       11.      E. laevigata (Reuss). x 55

       12.      E. fimbriata (H. B. Brady). x 55

       13.      E. flintiana (Cushman). x 55

       14.      E. flintiana (Cushman), var. caribaea (Cushman). x 55

       15.      E. flintiana (Cushman), var. plicatura Cushman and Stainforth, n. var. x55

       16.      E. flintiana (Cushman), var. indomita Cushman and Stainforth, n. var. a, front view, x 40; b, side view, x 55

       17.      E. spinolaminata Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 40

       18.      E. pannosa Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 55. a, front view; b, side view

       19.      E. orbignyana (Seguenza). x 25

       20.      E. orbignyana (Seguenza), var. clathrata (H. B. Brady). x 55

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 7 (above)

    Figs.                                                                                                                                  

         1.      Entosolenia orbignyana (Seguenza), var. x 55

     2, 3.      E. staphyllearia (Schwager). x 55

         4.      E. globosa (Montagu), var. spinulosa (Reuss). x 55

         5.      E. kugleri Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 25

         6.      E. crenulata (Coryell and Rivero). x 55

         7.      E. crenulata (Coryell and Rivero), var. multispinata Cushman and Stainforth, n. var. x 55

         8.      E. acuta (Reuss), var. bisenta Cushman and Stainforth, n. var. x 55.

         9.      E. longispina (H. B. Brady). x 25

       10.      Virgulina ciperana Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 115. a, front view; b, apertural view

       11.      Bolivina beyrichi Reuss. x 55

       12.      B. tectiformis Cushman. x 55

       13.      Uvigerina rustica Cushman and Edwards. x 25

       14.      U. gallowayi Cushman. x 40

       15.      U. capayana Hedberg. x 55

       16.      U. spinicostata Cushman and Jarvis. x 55

       17.      U. mantaensis Cushman and Edwards. x 55

       18.      U. auberiana d’Orbigny, var. attenuata Cushman and Renz. x 55

19, 20.      U. ciperana Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 55. 19, Holotype. a, front view; b, apertural view. 20, Paratype

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 8 (above)

    Figs.                                                                                                                                 

         1.      Siphogenerina multicostata Cushman and Jarvis. x 55

         2.      S. seriata (Cushman and Jarvis). x 55

         3.      S. basispinata Cushman and Jarvis. x 40

         4.      Trifarina bradyi Cushman. x 55

     5, 7.      Pleurostomella cubensis Cushman and Bermudez. 5, Side view. x 25. 7, Apertural view. x 40

     6, 8.      P. cf. alternans Schwager. x 55. 6, Side view. 8, Apertural view

         9.      P. nuttalli Cushman and Siegfus. x 55

       10.      P. naranjoensis Cushman and Bermudez. x 40

       11.      P. alazanensis Cushman. x 55

       12.      P. cf. acuta Hantken. x 25.

13, 14.      P. praegerontica Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 40. 13, Paratype. 14, Holotype

       15.      P. bierigi Palmer and Bermudez. x 40

       16.      P. bierigi Palmer and Bermudez, var. hebeta Cushman and Stainforth, n. var. x 25

       17.      P. elliptica Galloway and Heminway. x 55.

       18.      Ellipsopleurostomella schlichti A. Silvestri. x 55

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 9 (above)

    Figs.     

     1, 2.      Nodosarella robusta Cushman. 1, x 55. 2, x 25

         3.      N. subnodosa (Guppy). x 25

         4.      N. subcylindrica Cushman. x 55

         5.      N. salmojraghii Martinotti. x 25

     6, 7.      N. reflecta Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 25. 6, Paratype. 7, Holotype.

         8.      Ellipsonodosaria mappa Cushman and Jarvis. x 33. (After Cushman and Jarvis). a, front view; b, apertural view

   9, 10.      E. subspinosa Cushman. (After Cushman). 9, Paratype. x 25. 10, Holo­type. x 20. a, front view; b, apertural view enlarged

       11.      E. verneuili (d’Orbigny). x 25

       12.      E. verneuili (d’Orbigny), var. paucistriata (Galloway and Morrey). x 25.

       13.      E. nuttalli Cushman and Jarvis. x 25

14, 15.      E. nuttalli Cushman and Jarvis, var. gracillima Cushman and Jarvis. x 25. 14, Megalospheric form. 15, Microspheric form

       16.      E. curvatura Cushman. x 25

       17.      E. curvatura Cushman, var. spinea Cushman. x 25

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 10 (above)

    Figs.                                                                                                                                  

         1.      Ellipsonodosaria decurta Bermudez. x 25

         2.      E. modesta Bermudez. x 25.

         3.      E. annulifera Cushman and Bermudez. x 25

     4, 5.      E. recta Palmer and Bermudez. x 25

     6, 7.      Ellipsoglandulina multicostata (Galloway and Morrey). x 25

         8.      E. exponens (H. B. Brady). x 25

         9.      E. labiata (Schwager). x 25

       10.      E. principiensis Cushman and Bermudez. x 25

       11.      E. robustior Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 25

       12.      Ellipsoidina cf. ellipsoides Seguenza, var. abbreviata Seguenza. x 25

       13.      Ellipsolagena lata Wiesner. x 55

       14.      E. barri Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 25. a, front view; b, apertural view.

       15.      E. sp. x 55

       16.      Annulopatellina advena Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 90. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view

       17.      Discorbis ciperensis Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 40. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view

       18.      Gyroidina girardana (Reuss). x 40. a, dorsal view; b, peripheral view

       19.      G. girardana (Reuss), var. perampla Cushman and Stainforth, n. var. x 25. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 11 (above)

    Figs.                                                                                                                                  

         1.      Gyroidina altispira Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 40. a, dorsal view; b, peripheral view

         2.      G. complanata Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 40. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view

         3.      G. jarvisi Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 40. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view

         4.      Eponides umbonatus (Reuss). x 40. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view

         5.      Pulvinulinella mexicana Cole. x 40. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view

         6.      Siphonina pulchra Cushman. x 40. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view

         7.      Cassidulina havanensis Cushman and Bermudez. x 40. a. dorsal view; b, ventral view

         8.      C. cf. crassa d’Orbigny. x 55. a, dorsal view; 6, ventral view

         9.      C. subglobosa H. B. Brady, var. horizontalis Cushman and Renz. x 40 a, dorsal view; 6, ventral view

       10.      C. spinifera Cushman and Jarvis. x 40. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 12 (above)

    Figs.                                                                                                                                  

         1.      Cassidulina subglobosa H. B. Brady. x 55

     2, 3.      C. caudriae Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 40. 2, Holotype. Adult. 3, Paratype. Young stage. a, a, side views; b, b, apertural views

         4.      C. cf. globosa Hantken. x 40. a, side view; b, apertural view

         5.      C. chipolensis Cushman and Ponton. x 55

         6.      Cassidulinoides bradyi (Norman). x 40. a, b, opposite sides

         7.      Chilostomelloides ovicula Nuttall. x 40. a, side view; b, apertural view

         8.      Pullenia compressiuscula Reuss. x 40. a, side view; b, apertural view

         9.      P. quinqueloba (Reuss). x 40. a, side view; 6, apertural view

       10.      P. bulloides (d’Orbigny). x 40. a, side view; b, apertural view

       11.      P. trinitatensis Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 40. a, side view; b, apertural view

       12.      Globigerina cf. inflata d’Orbigny. x 40. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view

       13.      G. venezuelana Hedberg. x 40. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view

       14.      Sphaeroidina variabilis Reuss. x 25. a, side view; b, apertural view

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 13 (above)

    Figs.                                                                                                                                  

         1.      Globigerina cf. concinna Reuss, x 55. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view

         2.      G. dissimilis Cushman and Bermudez. x 40. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view.

         3.      Globigerinoides sacculifera (H. B. Brady). x 55. Dorsal view

         4.      Globigerina cf. bulloides d’Orbigny. x 55. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view.

         5.      G. cf. digitata H. B. Brady. x 40. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view

         6.      Globigerinoides conglobata (H. B. Brady). x 40

      7-9.      Globigerinatella insueta Cushman and Stainforth, n. gen., n. sp. x 65. 7, Holotype. 8, 9, Paratypes

       10.      Candorbulina universa Jedlitschka. x 40

       11.      Hastigerinella eocenica Nuttall. x 55. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view

       12.      Globorotalia canariensis (d’Orbigny). x 40. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view.

       13.      G. fohsi Cushman and Ellisor. x 40. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view

       14.      G. praemenardii Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 55. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view

       15.      G. barissanensis LeRoy. x 40. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 14 (above)

    Figs.                                                                                                                                  

         1.      Anomalina pompilioides Galloway and Heminway. x 25. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view

         2.      A. subbadenensis Pijpers. x 55. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view

         3.      Planulina marialana Hadley. x 40. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view

         4.      P. illingi (Nuttall). x 25. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view

         5.      Anomalina alazanensis Nuttall, var. spissiformis Cushman and Stainforth, n. var. x 40. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view

         6.      Planulina cf. wuellerstorfi (Schwager). x 40. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 15 (above)

    Figs.                                                                                                                                  

         1.      Planulina renzi Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 40. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view

         2.      Laticarinina bullbrooki Cushman and Todd. x 40. a, dorsal view; b, ventral.

         3.      Cibicides cf. atratiensis Tolmachoff. x 25. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view

         4.      C. cookei Cushman and Garrett. x 40. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view

         5.      C. mexicanus Nuttall. x 25. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view

         6.      C. cicatricosa (Schwager). x 40. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 16 (above)

    Figs.                                                                                                                                  

         1.      Chrysalogonium breviloculum Cushman and Jarvis. a, front view, x 25; b, apertural view, x 40. (After Cushman and Jarvis)

         2.      C. longicostatum Cushman and Jarvis. a, front view, x 20; b, apertural view, x 40. (After Cushman and Jarvis)

     3, 4.      C. elongatum Cushman and Jarvis. 3, Initial portion, x 20. 4a, Terminal portion, x 20; b, apertural view, x 40. (After Cushman and Jarvis)

         5.      C. lanceolum Cushman and Jarvis. x 20. (After Cushman and Jarvis). 25

     6, 7.      Plectofrondicularia spinifera Cushman and Jarvis. x 40. a, front view; b, apertural view. (After Cushman and Jarvis)

     8, 9.      Vaginulina cf. faba Galloway and Heminway. x 25. 8, Adult. 9, Immature specimen

       10.      Lagena cf. lagenoides (Williamson). x 55

11, 12.      Chrysalogonium asperum Cushman and Stainforth, n. sp. x 25. 11, Early chambers. 12, Terminal chambers; a, front view; b, apertural view

       13.      Marginulina cf. pseudohirsuta Nuttall. x 40

       14.      M. sublituus (Nuttall). x 40

       15.      Guttulina cf. praelonga (Egger). x 55

       16.      Globulina cf. minuta (Roemer). x 40